Making anD consciousness of stakeholDers for river in inDonesia

River restoration in Indonesia is very important to be implemented because the river quality has been degraded. This action aims to improve the quality and function of rivers. Actual action has been done for landscape function. Several river restoration alternatives are namely river restoration species, river restoration ecosystem/landscape, and river restoration of ecosystem services (flood control, raw water, and hydropower plants). This research was done with questionnaire survey which is distributed to experts. The proposed research consists of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with five criteria’s, they are: river water, habitat, cost, landscape, and action. Based on these result several important subcriteria were water quality, water quantity, water use, water usage, biodiversity, species, population, agriculture, and public education. The result showed that the river restoration of ecosystem services (flood control, raw water, hydropower plants) is the most suitable alternative for all experts, but each expert has a different suggestion. Furthermore, the next questionnaire survey includes stakeholders and community of watershed, and selecting river restoration public education for the community of watershed. keyword: River restoration, AHP, criteria, alternative. introduction Since early 2011’s, the Indonesian government issued a regulation regarding the river restoration. It states that river restoration is very important to be implemented because the river quality has been degraded. Degradation caused silt of river erosion, the settlement on the river banks, the changes of riparian land use, decreasing quality of river water due to domestic waste, agricultural, and industrial [1]. River restoration action aims to improve the quality and function of rivers [2]. Actual action has been done for landscape function. Several river restoration alternatives are conducted namely river restoration species, river restoration ecosystem/landscape, and river restoration of ecosystem services (flood control, raw water, and hydropower plants) [3]. To implement river restoration required the following four stages, they are: setting a clear goal for restoration activities, choosing a prioritization scheme, using watershed analyses, prioritizing restoration actions based on assessment results [3]. The selection of river restoration priority is very complex because there is conflict of interest between river stakeholders namely public and private sector including policy makers, practitioners, scientists and non-government organizations, as well as river community potentially impacted [4]. By actively drawing these various stakeholders into the process, visions can be shared and turned towards each other. This makes different interests to be met, and increases support for restoration efforts. [4]. Decision making is the process of selecting actions to solve problems that are done by formulating a problem, search for causative factors, seek alternative solutions, and choose the best alternative action with certain criteria and priorities.[5]. Problems and the needs for the river restoration described into five criteria: river water, habitat, cost, land use, and action. To select priority river restoration, we have distributed a questionnaire to stakeholders who are experts in the field of economy, river, urban planner, and environmental. We formulated the opinion of the experts to determine the interest level of criteria and sub-criteria in the selection of priority the restoration of the river so that the river restoration alternatives were selected based on the urgency. The method used in the research is the MultiCriteria Decision Making analysis tool Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This paper presents the level of importance of criteria and sub-criteria and alternatives of river restoration in the opinion of the experts and consciousness of river restoration community of Sugutamu River community based on a socioeconomic report. Imas Komariah and Toru Matsumoto 24 Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research | Vol. 1, No.1, 2017, pp. 23-30 Methodology and Data Decision Making Methodology Decision-making methodology for selection priority river restoration in Indonesia uses AHP. The AHP was developed to optimize decision making when one is faced with a mix of qualitative, quantitative, and sometimes conflicting factors that are taken into consideration. Principles of AHP (Saaty, 1970): 1) decomposition of problems into hierarchies, 2) comparative judgment and synthesis of priority, 3) logical consistency. AHP uses algebra matrix to sort out factors to arrive at a mathematically optimal solution. Decisionmaking framework river restoration can be seen in Figure 1. The criteria and sub-criteria specified and structured based on existing problems, stakeholder needs, constraints, and the impact of the implementation of river restoration. Weights of criteria and sub-criteria are calculated using expert choice 11. Solution alternatives are defined based on best practices and stakeholder needs. Data used to select the restoration of the river is the primary data from river stakeholders namely economists, environmental experts, river engineer, and urban planner. The collection of primary data for the analysis of alternative decision-making river restoration used questionnaires distributed by email to stakeholders. A total of 38 samples were analyzed to get the weights of criteria and sub-criteria and alternatives restoration selected. Consciousness of Stakeholders for River Restoration in Indonesia The consciousness of stakeholders for river restoration in this study used the data from socioeconomic report for Study of River Restoration Sugutamu. The data for the analysis of stakeholders’ consciousness from secondary data was from The Socio-Economic Study Report Sugutamu River Restoration. Data used in this report based on the results of questionnaires from 100 people who live along The River Sugutamu [10]. Figure 1. Decision Making River Restoration Framework best practices river restoration regulations and guidelines : river, spatial planning, watershed exist ing condition : river and ecosystems damage of river stakeholder of river alternatives of river restoration critical factor of river restoration success river restoration alternat ive criteria and subcriteria river restoration formulation of the structure and hierarchy of problems determination stakeholders making questionnaire AHP : weight priorit y consistency Primary Data global issue : environmental and river conclusions and recommendat ions Selection River Restoration Decision Making and Consciousness of Stakeholders for River In Indonesia 25 J S E D R 2 0 1 7 Discussion Decision Making of Stakeholders for River Restoration in Indonesia River restoration goal is to provide water security, flood control, and ecosystem vitality. The objectives were to secure abundant water resources, implement flood control, improve water quality, and restore ecosystems, create of multipurpose spaces for local residents, develop rivers regional [6]. The impacts human activities to the river systems were flowed regime, habitat structure, water quality, food source, biotic interactions [7]. On the global scale of the problem of water pollution in developing countries is due to the increase in population and urbanization, the rise of industrials, deforestation, intensified agriculture, engineering works, such as the damming of rivers and the destruction of wetlands. [8]. The environment requires a flow of water (seasonality), depth of water, velocity, quality of water, and temperature. [8]. Freeman (1984) defines stakeholders as a group or individual who can affect or are affected by the achievement of certain goals [9]. Stakeholders for the users and beneficiaries of the river consist of government, private, and community. In this study, the stakeholders are the experts that are divided into groups of an economist, environmental expert, river engineers, and urban planning. A total of 38 questionnaires were analyzed and there were 8 respondents representing experts who can use the results of the analysis. The used analysis is the result of analysis with a consistency ratio rate of below 0.15. Hierarchy structure of selecting river restoration priority The hierarchy structure consists of four level (Fig.2): level I goal selecting river restoration priority, level II criteria: river water, habitat, cost, land use, and action, level III Sub-criteria, there are 20 sub-criteria, level IV alternatives, i.e.: restoration of species (RS), restoration of ecosystems of landscapes (REL), and restoration ecosystems services (RES). Figure 2. Hierarchy Structure of Selecting River Restoration Priority Goal : Selecting River Restoration Priority A1 Water Quality A. River Water A2 Water Quantity A3 Water Use A4 Water Usage B1 Biodiversity Restoration of Species (RS) GOAL B.Habitat B2 Species B3 Population of Species B4 Outside Species Restoration of Ecosystems or Landscapes (REL) C. Cost C1 Construction Restoration Ecosystems Services (RES) C2 Maintenance C3 Recreation Facilities C4 Water treatment Plant D.Land Use D1 Housing D2 Agriculture D3 Industry D4 Recreation E.Action E1 Public Education E2 Regulation E3 Punishment E4 River Structure Imas Komariah and Toru Matsumoto 26 Journal of Sustainable Development Education and Research | Vol. 1, No.1, 2017, pp. 23-30 Analysis of criteria for selecting priority river restoration Clustering criteria for selecting river restoration are river water, habitat, cost, land use, and action. Based on the results of questionnaires, they results were processed using software generating the following results: No. Criteria Economist Environmental Expert River Engineer Urban Planning Total 1 River Water 37.30% 27.00% 25.00% 19.00% 26,00% 2 Habitat 23.90% 24.00% 19.00% 22.00% 20,00% 3 Cost 15.30% 11.00% 13.00% 14.00% 14,00% 4 Landuse 13.30% 19.00% 22.00% 2


introduction
Since early 2011's, the Indonesian government issued a regulation regarding the river restoration.It states that river restoration is very important to be implemented because the river quality has been degraded.Degradation caused silt of river erosion, the settlement on the river banks, the changes of riparian land use, decreasing quality of river water due to domestic waste, agricultural, and industrial [1].River restoration action aims to improve the quality and function of rivers [2].Actual action has been done for landscape function.Several river restoration alternatives are conducted namely river restoration species, river restoration ecosystem/landscape, and river restoration of ecosystem services (flood control, raw water, and hydropower plants) [3].To implement river restoration required the following four stages, they are: setting a clear goal for restoration activities, choosing a prioritization scheme, using watershed analyses, prioritizing restoration actions based on assessment results [3].
The selection of river restoration priority is very complex because there is conflict of interest between river stakeholders namely public and private sector including policy makers, practitioners, scientists and non-government organizations, as well as river community potentially impacted [4].By actively drawing these various stakeholders into the process, visions can be shared and turned towards each other.This makes different interests to be met, and increases support for restoration efforts.[4].Decision making is the process of selecting actions to solve problems that are done by formulating a problem, search for causative factors, seek alternative solutions, and choose the best alternative action with certain criteria and priorities.[5].Problems and the needs for the river restoration described into five criteria: river water, habitat, cost, land use, and action.To select priority river restoration, we have distributed a questionnaire to stakeholders who are experts in the field of economy, river, urban planner, and environmental.We formulated the opinion of the experts to determine the interest level of criteria and sub-criteria in the selection of priority the restoration of the river so that the river restoration alternatives were selected based on the urgency.The method used in the research is the Multi-Criteria Decision Making analysis tool Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).
This paper presents the level of importance of criteria and sub-criteria and alternatives of river restoration in the opinion of the experts and consciousness of river restoration community of Sugutamu River community based on a socioeconomic report.

Decision Making Methodology
Decision-making methodology for selection priority river restoration in Indonesia uses AHP.The AHP was developed to optimize decision making when one is faced with a mix of qualitative, quantitative, and sometimes conflicting factors that are taken into consideration.Principles of AHP (Saaty, 1970): 1) decomposition of problems into hierarchies, 2) comparative judgment and synthesis of priority, 3) logical consistency.AHP uses algebra matrix to sort out factors to arrive at a mathematically optimal solution.Decisionmaking framework river restoration can be seen in Figure 1.The criteria and sub-criteria specified and structured based on existing problems, stakeholder needs, constraints, and the impact of the implementation of river restoration.Weights of criteria and sub-criteria are calculated using expert choice 11.Solution alternatives are defined based on best practices and stakeholder needs.
Data used to select the restoration of the river is the primary data from river stakeholders namely economists, environmental experts, river engineer, and urban planner.The collection of primary data for the analysis of alternative decision-making river restoration used questionnaires distributed by email to stakeholders.A total of 38 samples were analyzed to get the weights of criteria and sub-criteria and alternatives restoration selected.

Consciousness of Stakeholders for River Restoration in Indonesia
The consciousness of stakeholders for river restoration in this study used the data from socioeconomic report for Study of River Restoration Sugutamu.
The data for the analysis of stakeholders' consciousness from secondary data was from The Socio-Economic Study Report Sugutamu River Restoration.Data used in this report based on the results of questionnaires from 100 people who live along The River Sugutamu [10].Selection River Restoration

Decision Making of Stakeholders for River Restoration in Indonesia
River restoration goal is to provide water security, flood control, and ecosystem vitality.The objectives were to secure abundant water resources, implement flood control, improve water quality, and restore ecosystems, create of multipurpose spaces for local residents, develop rivers regional [6].The impacts human activities to the river systems were flowed regime, habitat structure, water quality, food source, biotic interactions [7].On the global scale of the problem of water pollution in developing countries is due to the increase in population and urbanization, the rise of industrials, deforestation, intensified agriculture, engineering works, such as the damming of rivers and the destruction of wetlands.[8].The environment requires a flow of water (seasonality), depth of water, velocity, quality of water, and temperature.[8].
Freeman (1984) defines stakeholders as a group or individual who can affect or are affected by the achievement of certain goals [9].Stakeholders for the users and beneficiaries of the river consist of government, private, and community.In this study, the stakeholders are the experts that are divided into groups of an economist, environmental expert, river engineers, and urban planning.A total of 38 questionnaires were analyzed and there were 8 respondents representing experts who can use the results of the analysis.The used analysis is the result of analysis with a consistency ratio rate of below 0.15.

Hierarchy structure of selecting river restoration priority
The hierarchy structure consists of four level (Fig. 2  Based on the analysis in Table 3 it can be seen that the important sub-criteria for habitat criteria are a biodiversity 40.10%, according to total experts.Table 4.

Sub criteria for cost criteria
Based on the analysis in Table 4, it can be seen that the important sub-criteria for cost criteria is maintenance (42.50%).Meanwhile, the important sub-criteria for cost criteria according Based on the analysis in Table 6, the important sub-criteria for action criteria is a public education 35.30 % according to total experts.

Consciousness of Stakeholders for River Restoration in Indonesia
The definition of consciousness comes from the word conscious that means to know and understand.Consciousness is born from the community, habits in society, influenced by the environment, regulations and the role of government.This study was conducted to determine the comprehension and understanding of the community of the importance of The River Restoration Plan Sugutamu.The location of the study includes the District Sukmajaya and Cilodong in Depok and District Cibinong in Bogor City with a total population of 507, 026 people.Sugutamu River is in a position 06º22'30 ''LS -106º50'20 '' BT and 06º28'35 '' LS -106º50'50 '' BT.
The total area of the watershed of Sugutamu is 13.21 km² and 13.74 km length of the river.These areas are included in the administrative area and Cilodong Sukmajaya Sub-district, Depok City, and also partly in the District of Cibinong, Bogor, West Java.In Subdistrict of Sukmajaya there are Sidomukti Lake with an area of 7.5 hectares, whereas in District Cilodong there are Cilodong Lake with an area of 1 ha and volume of 3,000 m3.
The knowledge and understanding of the river and river restoration by the community: • For the people in the district of Sukmajaya: 32% use the river, 34% sometimes use the river, never use the river 34%.• 29% used river for recreation, 17% fishing, and 54% others.• 42% of the respondents have experience with the river flood and 58% never have.• 61% thinks that the responsibility of the cleanliness of rivers and lakes is the government, 5% thinks developer, 34% choose the community.• Knowledge of sanctions of throwing garbage around rivers and lakes are: there is 76% of respondents are aware, and 24% are not.• Benefits of rivers and lakes in the community: helpful (94%), not helpful (1%), no response (5%).• The response to the planned river restoration of Sugutamu, agree (95%), (4%) neutral, disagree (1%).• The response of citizens to the benefits of the river restoration: useful (88%) and not useful (12%).• • Participation of the community towards the river restoration activities: participating (48%), participate if asked (50%), and did not participate (2%).

conclusions and future study
All criteria have a relationship with the goal.This indicates a great value.The most important criteria for experts in each field is river water, except planner expert (land use priority).The important sub-criteria component for river restoration is: water quality, water quantity, water use, water usage, biodiversity, species, population, agriculture, and public education.
The alternatives of river restoration for each expert based on their interest but the calculation shows that, in total, the experts prefers Restoration Ecosystems Services.
Public awareness of the importance of the restoration is 95%.Communities around the river expect rivers and lakes can be used for recreation, tourism, and fishing.Furthermore, the next questionnaire includes stakeholders and community of watershed, and selecting river restoration public education for the community of watershed.

Figure
Figure 1.Decision Making River Restoration Framework 1. Decision Making River Restoration Framework

Analysis of criteria for selecting priority river restoration
): level I goal selecting river restoration priority, level II criteria: river water, habitat, cost, land use, and action, level III Sub-criteria, there are 20 sub-criteria, level IV alternatives, i.e.: restoration of species (RS), restoration of ecosystems of landscapes (REL), and restoration ecosystems services (RES).Clustering criteria for selecting river restoration are river water, habitat, cost, land use, and action.Based on the results of questionnaires, they results were processed using software generating the following results:

Table 1 .
Criteria for selecting priority river restorationBased on the analysis in Table1, it can be seen that the importance criteria for selecting priority of river restoration are the river water, about 26% according to experts.Meanwhile, an important criterion for selecting river restoration priorities, according to each expert, is the river water with values varying between 25% to 37.3%.Urban planning expert who chooses land use as important criteria is 26%.

Table 2 .
Sub criteria for river water criteriaBased on the analysis in Table2, it can be seen that the important sub-criteria for water criteria is the water quality accounted for 32.60 %, according to the experts.Meanwhile, an important sub-criterion for river water criteria according to

Table 5 .
Sub criteria for land use criteriaBased on the analysis in Table5, it can be seen that the important sub-criteria for land use criteria is a recreation (41.40%).Meanwhile, an important sub-criterion for land use criteria according to each expert is the recreation with values varying

Table 7 .
Sub Criteria for selecting priority of river restorationBased on the analysis in Table7, it can be seen that the important sub-criteria for selecting priority of river restoration are water quality, water