Optimization of The Oxy-Acetyline Gas Cutting Process on Aisi 1045 Steel Material to Produce Minimum Width Kerf

Journal homepage: http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/AJSE/ ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering 1 (3) (2021) 207-212 © 2021 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia


INTRODUCTION
AISI 1045 steel is one of the most widely used raw materials in the manufacturing industry, cutting oxy-acetyline gas was chosen because it is a steel cutting technique with an economical value, but with an incorrect combination of parameters it can result in a large kerf width or gap resulting in the waste of material resulting in higher production costs.
The review of research studies related to the parameters used in cutting, namely (1) cutting gas pressure (2) cutting speed, and (3) tip / nozzle height (Harish et al., 2017;Ghane et al., 2018), in addition there are also pre-heat parameters in several previous studies, namely (1) Preheat, ( 2) fuel gas pressure, (3) cut gas pressure, (4) material thickness (Munoz -Escalova 2006, Harnicarvora, 2010, Akurt, 2009 so that in previous studies the parameters used were cutting speed, cutting gas pressure, high tip / nozzle, preheat, fuel gas pressure and material thickness as well as based on the results of previous studies the optimal parameters for the Oxy-acetyline cutting process have not been found and formulated and the effect of each parameter used has not been fully analyzed.
This research is intended to determine the optimum combination of parameters and how much the contribution of the parameters of cutting speed, oxygen gas pressure and nozzle distance to the width of the cutting kerf, and the results of this study are to study the effect of each cutting parameter, how the cutting contributes and become reference cutting data steel AISI 1045 with a thickness of 14 mm.

METHODS
This research is intended to determine the optimum combination of parameters and how much the contribution of the parameters of cutting speed, oxygen gas pressure and nozzle distance to the width of the cutting kerf, and the results of this study are to study the effect of each cutting parameter, how the cutting contributes and become reference cutting data steel AISI 1045 with a thickness of 14 mm see Figure 1.
The scope of the study was limited to the parameter factors of cutting AISI 1045 steel with Oxy-acetylene gas and a material thickness of 14 mm, then measuring the kerf width of the cut using a digital microscope with a magnification of 20x.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on Figure 2 & 3 it can be seen that the cutting speed and cutting gas pressure are significant factors in the optimization of the Aisi 1045 steel cutting process for the minimum kerf width with a contribution of 95.6%, while the tip / nozzle height factor is not significant for the optimization of the process cutting AISI 1045 steel for minimum kerf width (Patel et al., 2015;Selvam et al., 2019;Alduroobi et al., 2020;Rzeźnikiewicz, 2014).  The minimum results in the cutting process are influenced by the parameters in Figure (3), the combination of factors and levels can be seen in Figure (3), so the variation of factors and levels for optimization of the Aisi 1045 steel cutting process for minimum kerf width can be obtained write down (Majanasastra, 2013;Parnianifard, et al., 2018;Santoso et al., 2018): • Cutting speed (A) at level (1): 250 mm/min • Gas pressure (B) at level (1): 3 kgf/cm 2 • Tip / nozzle height (C) at level (1): 4 mm So that the factor and level used to optimize the process of cutting Oxy-acetyline gas in 1045 AISI steel material to produce the minimum kerf width is A1B1C1.
After obtaining the optimal process variables based on the "Taguchi Method", then verifying the results in the product against the product variables obtained, the verification process is carried out by conducting 5 experiments using the optimal process variables obtained, and as a comparison of the results of the prediction and verification tests can be seen in Table 1 and Figure 4.
Furthermore, the S / N value of the verification ratio obtained is compared with the S / N value of the prediction ratio, the result of the S / N ratio of the prediction is 2.16 and the result of the S / N ratio of verification is 0.84, then to determine the feasibility of the optimal variable formula used , the confidence interval (CI) value and the S / N value of the prediction and verification ratio must coincide with each other, and it can be seen in Figure (4) that this means that the optimal variable formula is suitable for use in the optimization of the AISI 1045 steel cutting process for resulting in the minimum kerf width.

CONCLUSION
The optimum parameter values to obtain the minimum kerf width on AISI 1045 steel are cutting speed of 250 mm / min, gas pressure of 3 Kgf / cm2 and tip height of 4 mm and the dominant factors that affect the quality of cutting results with Oxygen-acetylene gas in AISI 1045 materials kerf width is the cutting speed with a percentage of 56.61%, cut gas pressure with a percentage of 38.99%, while for the height of the tip / nozzle it is categorized as insignificant in the optimization of the cutting process with a percentage of 4.40%.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study is supported by the provision of research funding from the Indonesian University of Education for 2019.

AUTHORS' NOTE
The author states that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article. The author confirms that the paper is free from plagiarism. There are still many shortcomings and need further research from this article so that the resulting battery is used like a conventional battery.