Permissive Parenting Style and Maladaptive Behavioral Tendencies Among Junior High School Students of Notre Dame of Tacurong College, Mindanao, Philippines

Parenting style is an essential factor in the development of children's behavior. But, it should research oppositely. This study determined the relationship between Permissive Parenting Styles and Maladaptive Behavioral tendencies. This study answer: (1) To what extent is the respondents' permissive parenting style experienced? (2) To what degree do respondents manifest maladaptive behavioral tendencies? and (3) is there a significant correlation between permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavioral tendencies of the respondents? The study revealed that parents were most likely to have an amiable attitude towards their children. The parents allow them to express their feelings, form their perspectives, and create their own decisions. They somehow showed considerations about their child's well-being and did not tolerate some stuff such as absences and laziness. Despite having a permissive parent, children have cheated on school tests, lied about their age to gain entrance, purchase liquor, take a cigarette, or even steal money from their parents or other family members. Using a permissive parenting style does not have a significant relationship with their kids in developing maladaptive behavioral tendencies. It is recommended to look for other factors contributing to maladaptive behavior since permissive parenting does not affect maladaptive behavior and try to venture into other parenting styles. Article History: Received 29 Jun 2021 Revised 01 Aug 2021 Accepted 15 Aug 2021 Available online 17 Aug 2021 ____________________ Keyword: Education, Mal-adaptive behavior, Permissive parenting. Journal homepage: http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/AJSEE/ ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education 2(1) (2022) 87-96 ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education © 2021 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Cabanatuan & Ahmad, Permissive Parenting Style and Maladaptive Behavioral Tendencies... | 88 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 17509/xxxxt.vxix pISSN 2775-6793 eISSN 2775-6815


A B S T R A C T S A R T I C L E I N F O
Parenting style is an essential factor in the development of children's behavior. But, it should research oppositely. This study determined the relationship between Permissive Parenting Styles and Maladaptive Behavioral tendencies. This study answer: (1) To what extent is the respondents' permissive parenting style experienced? (2) To what degree do respondents manifest maladaptive behavioral tendencies? and (3) is there a significant correlation between permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavioral tendencies of the respondents? The study revealed that parents were most likely to have an amiable attitude towards their children. The parents allow them to express their feelings, form their perspectives, and create their own decisions. They somehow showed considerations about their child's well-being and did not tolerate some stuff such as absences and laziness. Despite having a permissive parent, children have cheated on school tests, lied about their age to gain entrance, purchase liquor, take a cigarette, or even steal money from their parents or other family members. Using a permissive parenting style does not have a significant relationship with their kids in developing maladaptive behavioral tendencies. It is recommended to look for other factors contributing to maladaptive behavior since permissive parenting does not affect maladaptive behavior and try to venture into other parenting styles.

INTRODUCTION
The essential factor in the development of anxiety disorders in children. Empirically, the association is consistently confirmed but modest, with specific styles like parental control being more critical than parental rejection. Parents not only can serve as powerful models of social behavior for children but also have a unique opportunity to shape their children's behavior over the course of years through parent-child interactions. Although specific parenting behaviors, such as spanking or reading aloud, may influence child development, looking to any particular behavior in isolation may be misleading.
Permissive parenting that permissive parents sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, makes very few demands of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control. In addition, permissive parents "are more responsive than they are demanding. They are nontraditional and lenient, do not require mature behavior, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation." Permissive parents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on a friend's status more than that of a parent (Power, 2013) Maladaptive behavior is a series of behaviors by someone who reacts and misbehaves to internal or external stimuli. The term "maladaptive" is formed by prefixing the word "adaptive" with the prefix "mal-," which means "to change, shift, or alter." It's common in discussions about development, education, and evolution, all of which strongly emphasize forward-moving change and meeting new challenges. "Bad" or "ill" is the direct translation of the prefix "mal." Since the psychological constructs surrounding maladaptive behavior do not measure bad or ill behavior, the word "maladaptive behavior" is used to define inadequate adaptation, modification, or adjustment (Pusponegoro et al., 2015).
With the above-stated literature, the researchers aim to conduct a study to determine the relationship between permissive parenting style and the maladaptive behavioral tendency of the junior high school students of Notre Dame of Tacurong College.

Statement of The Problem
This study aims to determine the relationship between Permissive Parenting Styles and Maladaptive Behavioral tendencies among Grade 10 Junior High School students of Notre Dame of Tacurong College.
Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following problems: (i) To what extent is the respondents' permissive parenting style experienced? (ii) To what degree do respondents manifest maladaptive behavioral tendencies? (iii) Is there a significant correlation between Permissive Parenting Style and Mal-adaptive Behavioral Tendencies?

Significance of The Study
The results of this study will be beneficial to the following: (i) To the Parents, the result of this study will help them know more about how their parenting style affects their child's behavior, and thus, they will be more aware of how they will handle their children. (ii) To the Students, this study will help them recognize and be knowledgeable on how their parents treat them. Thus, they will develop a broader perspective. (iii) To the Teachers, the result of this study will help them analyze why their students are acting such behaviors in school. This study will also help them to guide and understand their students more. (iv) To Future Researchers, this study will be helpful as reference material and serve as a guide for their research concerning parenting styles and child's maladaptive behaviors.

Scope of The Study
This study focused only on the Permissive Parenting Style and Maladaptive Behavioral Tendencies among grade 10 junior high school students of Notre Dame of Tacurong College. The respondents are selected grade 10 junior high school students.

METHODOLOGY 2.1. Research Design
This study used a descriptive-correlational research method to describe the extent of permissive parenting style, the degree of respondents' manifestation of maladaptive behavioral tendencies, and the relationship between permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavioral tendencies of the respondents.

Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in Notre Dame of Tacurong College -Junior High School Department, Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat. It is located in the City of Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat, Region XII, Philippines.

Respondents
The respondents of the study are the Grade 10 Junior High School Students of Notre Dame of Tacurong College. A total of 100 students from the grade 10 junior high school served as the respondents of the study.

Sampling
The respondents have purposively intended only for Grade 10 Junior High School Students. Convenience sampling was also used since only those who answered the questionnaire online were the respondents. After collecting the desired sample, the researchers used quota sampling for the first 100 respondents who answered the online questionnaire, and those 100 were taken as the respondents of the study.

Instrumentations
The instrument used in this study was an adapted parental authority survey questionnaire from Buri 1991 to gather necessary data for the permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavioral tendencies among grade 10 junior high school students of Notre Dame of Tacurong Colleges. The questionnaire consists of three parts; Part I of the questionnaire is the profile of the respondents, such as; age and gender. Part II of the survey questionnaire is for the parents' permissive parenting style, how they are treated, and how they are handled. Part III of the questionnaire is the adapted questionnaire from Elliot & Ageton, 1980 on the maladaptive behavioral tendencies of the respondents. Respondents were asked about their self-delinquency report. They were asked to click the response that corresponds to their answer. In the response analysis, the numerical equivalent was used 4 means Always, 3 is Almost always, 2 is Seldom, and 1 is Never.

Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers asked permission from the Office of the President and Office of the Principal of the High School Department to conduct the study. Upon approval, the researchers personally contacted the Grade 10 Junior High School advisers to ask them the process of sending the google form link to the respondents. The proper health protocol has been followed upon submission of the approved letter of request. After that, the researchers administered the distribution of the online questionnaire to the respondents and collected the questionnaires after accomplishing it.

Statistical Treatment
Mean and standard deviation was employed in determining the extent of permissive parenting style experienced by the respondents. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficient was utilized in describing the significant relationship between the permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavioral tendencies of the respondents. Table 1 shows to analyze the permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavior tendencies, the first three highest mean and two lowest mean of items were highlighted for discussions. To further analyze, the permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavioral tendencies.

Data Analysis
The first three highest mean and lowest mean of items were highlighted for discussions to analyze the predominant maladaptive behavior tendencies ( Table 2).
To analyze the relationship between permissive parenting style and maladaptive behavioral tendencies, the quantitative interpretation of the degree of linear relationship was used using the following range of values (Table 3).

Permissive Parenting Style
The first research problem deals with the extent of the permissive parenting style being experienced by the respondents. Table 4 presents the findings.
As reflected in Table 4, item 15, My parents have an amiable attitude towards me, obtained the highest mean of 3.44 (SD =0.76), and interpreted as To Somewhat Extent. This result indicates that parents of the grade 10 students are amicable in interacting with their children. Their parents don't show aggressiveness in terms of interacting with their children. Their parents show like a friend to the students rather than being a parental figure.
This coincides, these parents don't expect their children to be mature, and they sometimes seem to be more of a friend than a parent. They would rather be a companion to their child than an authority figure, allowing them to play with various interests and hobbies. Taking a friendly approach to children creates a less rigid atmosphere for them, making it easier to tap into their natural imagination.
However, in item 10, My parents allow me to form my point of view on family matters and they generally allow me to decide for myself what I am going to do, obtained the secondhighest mean of 3.21 (SD=0.76) and interpreted as To Somewhat Extent. This result implies that their parents show support and allows their child's decision. They don't show restrictions when it comes to decision-making. They allow their child to explore and generate his/her thoughts and decisions. Support the ideas and views of their child, develops them into an independent child.
This confirms the idea of Cherry stated that permissive parenting causes poor decisionmaking because the parents do not set or enforce any rules or guidelines. As a result, the child will fail to develop good problem-solving and poor decision-making skills. With this poor decision-making, children won't understand the consequences of their actions in a particular situation. Their child wouldn't also understand that time-outs and losing privileges are logical consequences for poor decision-making.
On the other hand, in item 2, I know what my parents expect of me in my family, but I also feel free to discuss those expectations with my parents when I feel that they are unreasonable, obtained the third highest mean 3.17 (SD=0.85), and interpreted as To Somewhat Extent. This result infers that respondents' parents do not show barriers to expressing emotions and shortcomings within their children. Whenever their expectations are unreasonable, they are free or willing to listen to their child's thoughts and views.
That as a parent that shows a more friendly approach rather than being authoritative, they allow their child to express their feelings when it comes to decision making and when it comes to their abilities. She mentioned that parents who practice a permissive parenting style would be very responsive to their child's emotional needs.
As shown in Table 5, item 19, My parents allow me to miss school or either wake up late for school, obtained the lowest mean of 1.71 (SD=0.89), and interpreted it as To A Less Extent. Their parent does not allow laziness in going to school. They are not tolerating absences in school or even waking up late in school.
This applies to the study that parents can be effective partners in avoiding and solving problems. New research backs up this claim, finding that precise, low-cost interventions to change parental attendance beliefs may minimize student absences and pave the way for academic performance. Despite the friendly approach, parents would always want the best for their kids and as an example, tolerating absences and laziness in school shouldn't be a must (Korom & Dozier, 2021). On the other hand, item 14, parents don't follow any order or schedule, obtained the second-lowest mean of 2.08 (SD=0.97) and interpreted as To A Less Extent. This implies that the respondents' parents are still setting some orders and schedules but not strictly as possible.
This conforms to the study of Selin & Selin, (2014) with the use of orders and schedules, children can effectively complete planned tasks and events without instructions, cues, or alerts when routines are consistent. This boosts children's self-esteem and trust. Routines, orders, and schedules help the child learn, survive, and develop by providing a consistent atmosphere where we can all understand, thrive, and grow. This can be used as a future vision, preparation, and previewing to keep you out of "damage control." Generally, the extent of permissive parenting style posted an overall mean of 2.79 (SD=0.43) and was interpreted as To Somewhat Extent. This means there are times that the respondents' parents somewhat show strict parenting but also show a friendly approach to them. They don't tolerate things that can harm their child, and at the same time, they allow their child to explore and made decisions that would help them be an independent child.

Mal-adaptive Behavioral Tendencies
The second research problem deals with the degree of the respondents' manifestation of maladaptive behavioral tendencies. Table 5 presents the results. As reflected in Table 6, item 17, Cheated on a school test, obtained the highest mean 2.18 (SD=0.76) and was interpreted as Seldom. This result implies that respondents are cheating in their exams. They find cheating is easier than studying their lessons before their exams. This conforms to the study of Korom & Dozier, (2021) that children of permissive parents perform poorly in school because their parents never supervise them and neglect their bad conduct. They are usually spoilt during their upbringing.
However, item 9, Lied about your age to gain entrance or to purchase something: for example, lying about your age to buy liquor or to get into a movie, obtained the secondhighest mean 1.72 (SD=0.81) and interpreted as Seldom. This implies that students tried to lie about their ages just to pursue their wants or to get what they want. On the other hand, item 19, Stolen money or other things from your parents or other members of your family, obtained the third highest mean of 1.54 (SD=0.61) and was interpreted as Seldom. This shows that because of their parent's amiable attitude towards them and by giving them the free will on decision-making, respondents tried to steal money and other things from their parents or other family members, thinking they can get benefits in such.
As reflected in Table 6, item 13, Been paid for having sexual relations with someone, obtained the lowest mean 1.00 (SD=0.00) and was interpreted as Never. This implies that respondents never experienced having sexual relations with someone. Hence, in item 14, Had sexual intercourse with a person of the opposite sex, obtained the second-lowest mean 1.00 (SD=0.00), and was interpreted as Never. This implies that respondents never experienced sexual intercourse with a person of the opposite sex. Generally, the degree of respondents' manifestation of Maladaptive Behavioral Tendencies posted an overall mean of 1.23 (SD=0.26) and was interpreted as Never. This implies that respondents do not manifest any maladaptive behavior despite their parents being permissive and not so strict.

Relationship Between Permissive Parenting Styles and Mal-adaptive Behavioral Tendencies
The third research problem deals with the relationship between permissive parenting styles and maladaptive behavioral tendencies.    At .05 level of significance, P < 1.980 This simply implies that the permissive parenting style has nothing to do with the maladaptive behavioral tendencies of the respondents. This result contrasts that children with permissive parents would less likely to experience behavior problems. They might also have fewer emotional problems. Concerning the study of Garcia, (2018) states that children with permissive parents had higher self-esteem. They were less likely to view the world as a hostile, threatening place and less likely to be emotionally withdrawn. They were even less likely to be failing in school. The most well-adjusted children do not have parents who micromanage behavior or claim control by threatening discipline or revoking privileges. That doesn't imply that "parental strictness" creates issues with behavioral problems. Causation may also act in the opposite direction. Children experience behavioral problems, and their parents respond by enforcing stricter discipline.

CONCLUSION
Based on the study's findings, it is concluded that the respondents' parents were most likely to have a friendly attitude towards them. Though respondents knew of their parents' expectations, they are free to discuss things when they feel unreasonable. Findings also showed that the respondents' parents allow them to express their feelings, form their point of view, and create their own decisions. They somehow showed considerations about their child's well-being and did not tolerate some stuff such as absences and laziness when it comes to school. In spite having permissive parent, the study revealed that respondents have cheated on school tests, lied about your age to gain entrance or purchase liquor or cigarette or even stolen money or other things from your parents or other members of your family. However, parents using a permissive parenting style do not have a significant relationship with their kids developing maladaptive behavioral tendencies, as the research results revealed. Therefore, it is recommended that future researchers look for other factors contributing to maladaptive behavior since permissive parenting doesn't affect maladaptive behavior and try to venture into other parenting styles.

AUTHORS' NOTE
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article. The authors confirmed that the paper was free of plagiarism. Korom, M., and Dozier, M. (2021). The importance of responsive parenting for vulnerable infants. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 61(2021), 43-71.