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Design and Development of an IoT-Based Automatic Water Gallon Filling System Using a YF-S201 Flow Sensor, ESP32, and Telegram Bot
Abstract
Manual refilling of water gallons at refill drinking-water depots relies on an operator switching the pump on and off, which can cause inaccurate volumes, water wastage, and dependence on the operator. This study designed and built an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic gallon-filling system using a YF-S201 Hall-effect flow sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, a 5 V relay module that switches the AC 220 V depot pump, and a Telegram Bot as a remote user interface. The firmware counts sensor pulses through a hardware interrupt and updates the volume every second in a non-blocking millis()-based loop. Two protection layers stop the pump when no flow is detected for 10 s or when the volume reaches 19.0 L, and only a registered Telegram chat ID can issue the /isi_galon, /stop, and /status commands. Volume accuracy was tested in 40 trials with a 19,000 mL target. The pump stopped automatically in every trial, but all trials overfilled: the filled volume ranged from 19,320 to 20,080 mL, with a mean overfill of 612.75 mL and a mean relative error of 3.225% (1.684–5.684%). The overfill is attributed to relay switching delay, flow inertia, and flow-sensor tolerance, so sensor calibration and overshoot compensation are needed.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/coelite.v5i2.106731
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