Attitude realization in news reports: An interpretation through an appraisal analysis

For the maintenance of the authorial voice, newspapers use rhetorical markers as an external supporting voice to win their readership. The current five-year studies show that news writers maintain engagement with their readers by their stances towards their point of views. This study aimed to find the attitudinal stances of two Pakistani Online newspapers i.e. ‘Dawn’ (alternative newspaper) and ‘The News’ (mainstream newspaper). The newspaper’s inclination was identified through its language. To discover the newspapers’ stances, Martin and White (2005) ‘Appraisal Analysis’ framework was employed on ‘2’ news reports comprising of ‘5013’ words on Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Speech at 74 United Nations’ session along with Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) by Norman Fairclough (1995). It was found that both newspapers indirectly invoked attitudes by laying evaluative ground which was explicitly explained in the quoted text. The prime minister of Pakistan Imran Khan was found the ‘Appraiser’ in both news reports and served as a main social actor in highlighting Pakistan’s current issues. The issues are expected to be solved urgently for peace and prosperity in the region by the involvement of world leaders and United Nations on Kashmir conflict between Pakistan and India, climate change and elimination of Islam phobia.

among news, journalist and news institution. It is seen that background of news generally required by readers to be understood the current development of news for better understanding. The development of power relation enforces the reader to find out the reasons behind the representation of news. According to Foucault's (1980) notion of power, the definite perspective of issue constructs the semantic reality that serves the particular social and historical interests in that context (van Leeuwen, 2008). It is observed that media organizations and their employees make their internal policies often seen by considering context, public opinion and giving favor to particular politicians to keep their interests at first. In media discourse, the power relations are constructed by the participants' roles and at deeper level it concerns with ideology (Haig, 2012). Thus, the analysis of text leads to determine the ideology of news instituition. Adopting the mediatized process of political communication helps the deliberative legitimized process in society (Habermas, 2006). The role of media in today's society is a 'political actor' (Page, 1996). Media and politics are dependent on each other (Bagdikian, 2007). For knowing the influence and factors that affect media text, there is a need to do in-depth analysis of text.
For the analysis of text, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) employed that explores the hidden ideologies behind the texts and relies on the notion that language plays a vital role in the discourse. For finding out the ideology, the hard news is selected that is explained as 'impartial' and 'objective' narration of reality by the construction of ideology (Allan, 2010). The article looks for discourses' representation in news reports in Pakistani media culture by the 'Appraisal Analysis'. To attain this aim, 'hard news' of 'Dawn' (alternative newspaper) and 'The News' (mainstream online newspaper) is selected on Prime Minister Imran Khan's speech in 74th United Nations' session held in New York.
Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is considered a technique of exploring unseen ideologies in the text in a social context. Texts are defining terms of social practices (Fairclough, 1995) that are related to social relations and the historical context (Janks, 1997). The central concern of CDA is to de-mystify the ideologies and power by the systematic evaluation of semiotic data (Wodak & Meyer, 2009) that can also represent ideologies through the lexico-stylistic choice of the texts (Ononye, 2017).
Text was taken as influenced by its context that depicts ideology. The analysis of text conducted by considering CDA along 'Attitude' analysis. CDA critically analyzes the micro-events as in the existing study of online media text and macro structures, including the media influences that got their shape from context (Thomas & Selimovic, 2015). It is considered that language socially emerges with interaction and it has an active identity (Richardson, 2007). It was to find that how discourse was used and language received its shape. Wodak and Meyer (2009) stated that discourse is an institutionalized path of talking that reshapes, reinforces, and regulates the action that exerts power. The application of CDA comprises textual analysis of three dimensions i.e. analyzing the object (situational, societal); the process of production and interpretation; and the historical/context state and description. In this way, CDA creates a relation of language with ideology and power that explains the relationship between an event and social structure (Wodak, 2006). Critical Discourse Analysis theory suggests that texts cannot be separated from assessing the discoursal practices of institutions (Fairclough, 1995).
The present study focuses to answer three research objectives. First, it aims to find the positive/negative inscribed and invoked attitudinal stances in online Pakistani newspapers in the representation of Prime Minister Imran Khan's speech in 74th United Nations' session. Second, it identifies the objectivity of the news representation in 'Dawn' and 'The News' by their attitudinal stances. Third, it differentiates the attitudinal similarities and differences among both newspapers by their frequencies. It is found that Imran Khan's 74th UN session's speech has not been analyzed from the 'Attitude' analysis earlier and no comparative analysis of Pakistani online alternative and mainstream newspapers is found. Thus, this study fills the gap methodologically and analytically.
To answer the research objectives, the background of the study is throwing light at the Pakistani current political situation and its current alarming problems that are required to be solved by the involvement of other countries. Pakistan came into being on 14th August 1947 after getting independence from British rule. After independence, India and Pakistan emerged as two neighboring nations on the world map. Since 1989, it is seen that the military insurgency is on increase in Jammu and Kashmir which is a main tussle between India and Pakistan. It is a dispute since the rule of the British ended in India in 1947. At that time British did not plan of five hundred semi-independent states' future as left the decision on then Royal princes to decide on the majority population with whom they wanted to be. Due to religious, geographic location and cultural values, the states were given authority to join India or Pakistan (Khan, 1994 where the vast majority was Muslim. Jammu had the majority of Hindus and Ladakh and Baltistan were Buddhist (Khan, 1994). On this decision, Pashtun Tribesman invaded Kashmir and defeated the forces of Hari Singh. On the demand of help from then Governor-General of India, Lord Mountbatten was advised to sign the Instrument of Accession of joining all princely state into Dominion of India including Kashmir, Ladakh, Northern Areas, Trans-Karakoram Tract and Aksai Chin and declared an emergency. Until now, India and Pakistan are on fighting terms on the issue of Kashmir. A significant number of military forces from Pakistan and India are occupying the areas of Kashmir that are known as 'Azad Kashmir' in Pakistani territory and 'Indian Occupied Kashmir' on the Indian side which is separated by 870 miles of 'line of control' (Khan, 1994).
A new government under the leadership of Prime Minister Imran Khan was established by inheriting many economic and financial crises from the past government. For catering the issues of money laundering, climate and water are priority issues to be solved for the government instead of involving in wars which is time to time stated by the current government. From time to time the terrorist groups' formation has also been blamed on Pakistan. Pakistan has already faced a lot of losses in which 75,000 causalities and faced more than $123 billion economically (Masood, 2018).
In the case of press media in Pakistan, it is considered a powerful medium. However, Pakistani press media enjoys freedom of speech. Still, restrictions apply when there are concerns about security, religion, judiciary and armed forces of the country, and coverage becomes a hindrance in dealing with sensitive issues. 'Dawn' was established in 1941 by the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah. It remains as a liberal and alternative newspaper. 'Dawn' has earned its name by representing disputed, sensitive and leftist issues in society (Malik & Iqbal, 2011). It belongs to 'Herald Publication' which is one of the leading publishing private companies. On the other hand; 'The News' always played a complicated role in society by its inclination towards 'Lawyers Movement' in 2007Movement' in -2009 showing resistance towards the military government of General Pervez Musharraf and inclination towards Pakistan Muslim League. By its role in that era, 'The News' has earned its reputation as a mainstream newspaper. It is being published by the largest publishing company in the country 'Jang Publications' established in 1991. 'The News' also has to credit the huge readership in-country by having 140,000 circulations per day. Both newspapers are known for their functioning and differ from each other as per their ideologies.
In recent times, the online newspaper has become an accessible and efficient way of dissemination of information and source of information retrieval which has created user-user interactivity as a social requirement of today (Ksiazek et al., 2016). Online newspapers receive their shape by the institution's norms, not by the internet (Jóhannsdóttir, 2018). By analyzing the past five years' research on 'Appraisal Analysis' (2015-2019), Zaidi (2016) was of the view that the violence reporting on Shias was found biased in Pakistani newspapers' coverage as mostly the issues denied for coverage. He analyzed it by the semantic structure of 'hard news' of Pakistani newspapers. He further added that news reporting influenced by other factors of society so; there is a need for 'transformative voice' for opposing the practices of journalism (Zaidi, 2016). Asad et al. (2019c) employed Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) with Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) on alternative and mainstream Malaysian and Pakistani newspapers. They found that newspapers function per their ideologies by keeping their interests. In another study of Asad et al. (2019a), it was found that alternative online newspapers had given a fair representation of selected social actors compared to mainstream Malaysian online newspapers and maintained their institutionalized interests and ideologies. Noor (2015) found that mainstream Malaysian newspapers always appraise the government officials positively and give less representation to the opposition, leading to biased representation by mainstream newspapers.
In a study conducted on Pakistani online alternative and mainstream newspapers, similar findings were found that 'Dawn' represented social actors neutrally and 'The News' also given share to both social actors but came up with two governments' comparison with external voice to hide its stance towards existing government (Asad et al., 2019b). For the maintenance of the authorial voice, newspapers use rhetorical markers as an external supporting voice to win the readership (Sabao & Visser, 2015). From the last five years studies it was found that the author maintains engagement with reader by his stances towards his point of views (Huan, 2016;Mugumya & Visser, 2015;Nádraská, 2017;Sabao & Visser, 2015;Tavassoli et al., 2018;van Driel, 2018;Zhang, 2015;Zhang & Liu, 2015).

Appraisal Analysis
'Appraisal' theory by Martin and White (2005) was employed in the study for finding the stances from a dialogic as well as from a generic perspective of online newspapers. Appraisal analysis is an extension of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) of Halliday's (1978) theory. It acts as an alternative approach for analyzing the discourse in linguistics of 'hard news' of newspapers that acts for their Copyright © 2021, authors, e-ISSN: 2502-6747, p-ISSN: 2301-9468 ideological functions and support journalists to imprint their voices (Sabao, 2016). Martin and White (2005) explain the pattern choices semantically and organization of text that affect the reader for enhancing social values. They also explain the construction of stances and interpersonal relationships and positioning in 'Appraisal' theory. It concerns how the author positions his readers by criticizing or applauding and approving or disapproving (Martin & White, 2005).
'Appraisal' theory explains writers' attitudinal stances towards discourses in their context based on shared feelings, emotions, assessments, and alignments, etc. of individuals by the authorial identities' construction (Martin & White, 2005). The attitudinal stances are based on three semantic resources of discourse i.e. 'Attitude', 'Engagement' and 'Graduation'. The existing study is based on 'Attitude' resources. 'Attitudinal' resources are adjectival and convenient to develop framing grammatically (Martin & White, 2005).

Attitude in text
'Attitude' in the text concerns the feelings, emotions, and judgments of behavior with the evaluation of things (Martin & White, 2005). The attitudinal expressions convey positive or negative evaluations and are in form of 'inscribed' attitude (from writer's point of view). In contrast, indirect attitudinal meanings are 'invocations' (described through external resource) of attitudes (Tavassoli et al., 2018). The 'Attitudes' narrated in news reports are the ideology elements and influence the reader who can't stay away from it (Zhang, 2015).
The 'Attitudes' are divided into three categories i.e. 'Affect', 'Judgment' and 'Appreciation'. 'Affect' creates the reactions emotionally like anger, horror, worry, etc. It has four sub-resources i.e. 'un/happiness', 'In/Security', 'Dis/Satisfaction' and 'Dis/Inclination' (Martin & White, 2005). 'Judgment' assesses behavior like miserly, badly, minatory, etc., while 'Appreciation' assessment creates the value of things like very nicely, beautifully, very lively, destruction, weirdly, as a bonus, etc. (Martin & White, 2005). 'Judgment' has two types i.e. 'social sanction' and 'social esteem'. 'Social Sanctions' is responsible for evaluating the behavior by imposing a law or rule. It is categorized into two types, firstly 'Veracity' that deals with how truthful a person is and secondly, 'Propriety' to know a person's ethicality. Social 'esteem' concerns with 'normality' of judging how the unusual person is, 'capacity' deals with a person's capability and 'tenacity' deals with how much a person is truthful.
It is further subdivided into three categories, firstly 'reactions' that are towards things secondly, 'composition' that is divided into 'Complexity' and 'Balance'. 'Complexity' evaluates things like simple, wooly, precise, etc. 'Balance' evaluates like shapely, flawed, consistent, uneven, etc. and lastly, the 'valuation' of judging depends on how innovative, pricey, creative, authentic, etc. a person is (Martin & White, 2005).

METHOD
The semantic and interpersonal linguistic representation of Pakistani alternative and mainstream online newspapers were analyzed with Norman Fairclough's (1995) theory of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) that was employed under the 'Attitude' analysis that is sub-category of 'Appraisal Analysis' as an analytical tool of Martin and White (2005). Appraisal analysis is an extension of Halliday's (1978) Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) analytical tool where the text was analyzed by the framework of Martin and White (2005).

Data collection and analysis procedure
The news reports were selected from 'Dawn' and 'The News' on 74th United Nations' session speech of the prime minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan, delivered on 27th September 2019. The speech was given coverage by one each news report in detail by both newspapers. Two news reports were manually downloaded comprising of '5013' words in total. 'Dawn' had given representation with '2334' words, while; 'The News' came up with '2679' words. 'Dawn' published news report online immediately on the same day after the speech as current news and 'The News' published on next day i.e. 28th September 2019. The manually downloaded news reports were pasted in word then on the second stage on 'Excel' spreadsheet software package in form of clauses for the analysis based on 'Appraisal' and its 'Attitude' resource. At the last stage, the percentages were taken out to evaluate the attitudinal stances.

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Attitudinal analysis
This section explains the analysis of the results of two online newspapers in Pakistan. The 'Attitude' analysis was applied to newspapers' texts which included emotional values of responses which are 'Affect', the values which are assessed socially by the behavior of actor is 'Judgment'. Those values which address and explains the entities of qualities, natural phenomena and objects are 'Appreciation'. 'Attitude' involves 'Affect', 'Appreciation' and 'judgment'three semantic regions: emotional, ethics and aesthetics (Martin & White, 2005). In-Copyright © 2021, authors, e-ISSN: 2502-6747, p-ISSN: 2301-9468 text, 'Emotion' is above all regions. It is a resource of expression that plays the important and main part in the negotiation of stance by conveying the attitude and receiving the response to one's viewpoints in a social context (Martin & White, 2005). The detailed analysis with distributions of attitudinal resources (keys) is discussed below. Table 1 shows a comparison between the two online newspapers' discourses i.e. 'Dawn' as an alternative newspaper and 'The News' as a mainstream newspaper. The resources' rate of 'Attitude' is seen near to each other (appraisal items are analyzed per 100 words) as both newspapers have shown their stances higher in 'Judgment'. 'Dawn' shows with 75 instances with 54%, while 'The News' comes up with 88 instances by scoring 53% in 'Judgment' resource. Khan has represented Pakistan and come up with the issues which are supposed to be immediately solved to maintain peace in the region. The newspaper has given 28 occurrences with 27% in 'Capacity' resource under 'Judgment' that shows him focusing on capabilities of powerful leaders/people who can resolve the issue (table 2). It is positive as well as negatively portrayed as still after 72 years of independence Kashmir issue is still unresolved and powerful people haven't come forward to resolve this. The following statements are showing the capabilities of people/rich countries to take action and show political will:

Unless the rich countries intend to build walls to stop economic refugees [from] coming as we see right now, they must take action
The rich countries must show political will. They cannot allow this to happen In European countries, it is marginalizing Muslims, and this leads to radicalization.
Copyright © 2021, authors, e-ISSN: 2502-6747, p-ISSN: 2301-9468 In the case of marginalizing Muslims in European countries, radicalization and European countries should understand Muslims' sentiments as Islam is the religion of peace. It does not promote terrorism. The explanation by Imran Khan clearly shows how he has portrayed the country's problems and sentiments of Muslims towards sacred places and Islamic religious personalities. The main issue of recent Kashmir conflict was raised, a source of the main conflict between Pakistan and India. Imran Khan represented as the main 'Appraiser' in both newspapers. He represented the country on the United Nations' 74th Session. Both newspapers quoted his speech by direct quotes mostly. The words raised by him to aware the world leaders about Kashmir by using like ' Kashmiris', 'Issues', 'bloodbath', 'India and Pakistan', 'Prime Minister Narendra Modi', 'Islam phobia', 'Indian Troops', 'Muslim Women', 'War', 'Terrorism', 'Aryan Superiority', Modi's Arrogance', 'Curfew', 'People of Kashmir', 'Self-Determination', 'International Community', Conventional War', 'Fight', 'Action', 'Cruelty on Kashmiris', 'Indian Muslims', 'Muslims', 'Soldiers', 'RSS Ideology', 'Urgent Issue', 'Radicalization' etc. Using these words in his speech he portrayed the picture and cruelty being faced by Kashmiris from India. He was on the view of giving selfdetermination to Kashmir people as they have a right as per the Constitution of India and the 'Shimla Accord' between two countries. Both countries are determined to fight until the end to have their land. India without consultation violated the decided terms and has included the disputed region of Kashmir into its territory. Imran Khan made aware the world leader as both countries are nuclear power so; there is a need for mediation of the United Nations to come up with a solution.
On the second number, both newspapers have represented the speech higher in the 'Appreciation' resource. 'Dawn' has given 58 instances with 42% and 'The News' comes up with 70 instances with 43% (table 3). The words like 'Curfew', 'Kashmiris', 'Cruelty on Kashmiris', 'World', 'India & Pakistan', 'India', 'Actions by India', 'Conventional War', etc. have used to 'Appreciate' negatively the issue. The outcomes were highlighted which were created from the current issue. Imran Khan positively appreciated the United Nations' role as a mediator. But in both newspapers, the negative 'Appreciation' resource is higher as 'Dawn' had shown 40 instances in the negative category with 40% (table 2) while 18 instances with positive 'Appreciation resource by 45% as in the following data.

The News 293: He had met President Rohani and hoped that peace would prevail in Gulf. [App, pos (+) comp, Appraised (Gulf Tension), Appraiser (Imran Khan)].
In the third category of 'Attitude' analysis i.e. 'Affect', it is seen that very few author emotional affects have been represented. 'Affect' concerning the registration of personal feelings like, happy, sad, Copyright © 2021, authors, e-ISSN: 2502-6747, p-ISSN: 2301-9468 confident, bored, etc. In 'Dawn', journalists come up with 2% with 3 occurrences in 'Insecurity' resource and 2 occurrences with 1% in 'Satisfactory' resource. In comparison 'The News' has shown 1% in 'Inclination' and 1% in 'Unhappiness' resource and represented by 1% by 2 occurrences in 'Happiness' emotional resource (table 2 and 3). By quoting the author's direct source, the journalist stays himself back by putting the responsibility on the speaker to give an authentic and incontrovertible source (Bell, 1991). Few examples of 'Affect' resource are; In both newspapers the journalist's voice is not heard, they have taken the authorial stance through the voice of the speaker instead of a journalist. The readers are provided with positive and negative inscribed and invoked stances. In 'Dawn' it is seen that only '1' positive inscribed and '2' negative inscribed stances have been quoted (table 4). The speech is all related to issues that were being faced and they were represented the most by negative invoked stances by 96 instances and positive invoked stances were found by 39 instances. On the other side in comparison to 'The News', it was found that again 'The News' portrayed the maximum with 98 negative invoked instances and positive invoked instances were 42. The positive inscribed instances were '2' and the negative inscribed instance was only '1' in the newspaper (table 4). Overall importance to Kashmir issue was given but Pakistan's other immediate problems of 'Climate Change' and 'Islam phobia' were also explained by PM Imran Khan to world leaders. He believed that their positive steps would be encouraged by their investments in the country for tackling the issue. The negative impression of Islam in the western world was explained as a peaceful religion, as other religions are sensitive to their religion, so Muslims also react when they hear negativity about Islam. He was on the view that all world leaders and the UN have a responsibility to help the developing country like Pakistan to solve its issues and step forward to help. The following stances explain Khans' views that are evaluated from the context i.e.
Dawn 194: He noted that Pakistan is in the top ten list of countries that are most affected by climate change. [App, neg (-) comp, neg (-)

invoked, Appraised (Pakistan & Climate Change), Appraiser (Imran Khan)]
The News 190: He said Muslims were being marginalized in Europe. [Jud, neg (-) cap, neg (-) invoked, Appraised (Muslims), Appraiser (Imran Khan)] The readers are given a comparison in positive and negative, inscribed and invoked stances' presentation by newspapers. By analyzing the results of 'Dawn' and 'The News', it is found that both newspapers want to divert readers as per their viewpoints and applied rhetorical markers by quoting the sayings mostly of the social actor (Imran Khan) and in this way they represented the news institutions' ideology from an external source. The application of the CDA framework with subcategory of 'Appraisal Analysis' i.e 'Attitude' analysis has provided the reader with the background information with the knowledge of different stances on the representation of news reports. The study of Alsanafi and Mohd (2019) shows the similar findings where the old created impression of African Black women in context could be found the same in postmodern American plays (dramas). It is also similar in the case of PM Imran Khan's speech where the representation of the event depicts the newspaper ideology. The event is considered important from the national point of view, and both newspapers presented the same news with minor changes in representation. The current relationship status and ongoing issues between Pakistan and India had been taken as an important coverage by considering the past relations. The findings in the form of frequencies are supporting the research objective '3'. Wodak and Meyer (2009) stated that CDA is a beneficial tool of analysis for establishing and reproducing power relations in discourse. By opting CDA with 'Attitude Analysis', the power relation of news institutions was found with the representation of issues raised by Prime Minister, which depicts the ideology of news organization as to how they have taken the help of Copyright © 2021, authors, e-ISSN: 2502-6747, p-ISSN: 2301-9468 rhetorical markers for the representation of news report. Both newspapers have given prominent coverage and shown maximum similarities with minor differences in percentage in representation. The Prime Minister's speech on an international platform was well represented with the timings' difference of coverage as 'Dawn' appeared online on the same day late in the evening after PM speech and 'The News' came up on the second day.
The findings were similar to the study of Sabao and Visser (2015) that attributed resources in the form of quoting external voice as authority serves as reinforcement. In this way, journalist takes help of attributed resource to convey his point of view and keeps himself at a distance from taking the responsibility of said statement. Fairclough (1995) stated that the evaluation of patterns and social actors' representation shows the social practices that appear as a discursive process in text production. The similar findings were also found in another study of Sabao (2016) that attribution resources were employed for clinching personalization by hiding the news institution's voice for the maintenance of objectivity in the hard news reporting. The attributed voice becomes the authority in the quoted text that frees journalist from any sort of responsibility. The external/attributed resource becomes the main actor behind the representation of news. The findings of the current study are supporting research objective '2' by the representation of news reports in the quoted text of the speaker for maintaining the actual source to show the objectivity of news reporting. Butt et al. (2010) quoted in the study of Noor (2015) that text has different flavours and resources like an appraisal, lexicogrammar, and attitude are known as beneficial tools for exploring attitudinal flavors.
It is a new framework of two online newspapers i.e. 'Dawn' (alternative online newspaper) and 'The News' (mainstream online newspaper) to study on 'Prime Minister Imran Khan's speech on 74th UN session' by 'Attitude Analysis'. The combination of both streams of newspapers determine their inclination toward the head of government. It is found that both newspapers used attributed external resource and given coverage as an important event without missing any focal points. The detailed coverage is found in both newspapers. At the global level, both newspapers have given impression the same by handling the event as top priority where prime minister of Pakistan quoted the most with his statements. Therefore, in contextual implication, the study highlights the influential factors that affected the text to be presented the same. From the practical implication, the analysis would give in-depth insight into the newspapers' representation and political issues among Pakistan and India whereas, textual and theoretical application highlights the literature gap that fills up with the grammatical analysis. The significance of study lies in the representation of news reports by alternative and mainstream newspapers. The students would be able to understand and can apply the same framework to find the ideology of newspapers. Further future studies can be conducted by the consideration of 'CDA' and 'Appraisal Analysis' on alternative and mainstream newspapers for analyzing the different stances' creation in the existing media culture of a country.

CONCLUSION
It is found that the alternative and mainstream newspapers have dealt the speech on top priority by considering the important platform for conveying Pakistan's vital threats in an existing political context and given prominent coverage. As per 'Dawn' reputation in Pakistani culture, it was found that it had given immediate coverage online on the same day by considering the news to be disseminated immediately as current fresh news by Prime Minister of Pakistan. On the other hand, 'The News' came up with extensive coverage of PM speech but it appeared online the next day. Both newspapers had used rhetorical markers extensively (social actor-PM Imran Khan) to support their stances. Both newspapers showed a positive attitude in representing a particular news report and seen on one agenda by adopting the same pattern of representation. 'The News' especially avoided its past relations with Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) and PM Imran Khan by coming up with the same agenda as 'Dawn' on particular news. By the 'Attitude Analysis,' both newspapers have revealed the writer's and speaker's emotions/feelings and can relate to the authority construed in the text (Martin & White, 2005).