Perceived Social Responsibility and Vaccine Hesitancy Among Parents of Grade 12 Student in Laboratory High School

Concerns about vaccine hesitancy are growing worldwide, and now parents are also refusing to vaccinate their children because of vaccination issues even against vaccinepreventable diseases. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of vaccine hesitancy and perceived social responsibility in parents and their association with one another. The novelties in this research are (1) Level of Perceived Social Responsibility among Parents, (2) Level of Vaccine Hesitancy among Parents, and (3) Association between the Level of Perceived Social Responsibility and Level of Vaccine Hesitancy. In this study, a quantitativedescriptive research design was used to find out the level of acceptability among the 40 selected parents of Grade 12 students in Sultan Kudarat State University (SKSU) – Laboratory High School. A random sampling technique was utilized in this study. The results implied that the parents have a high level of perceived social responsibility. The results also showed that the parents have a low level of vaccine hesitancy. As to the test of the association between perceived social responsibility and vaccine hesitancy, it shows that there is a statistically significant association between them. Therefore, parents of Grade 12 students have a high level of perceived social responsibility and know that vaccinations are part of their responsibilities as citizens. © 2021 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Article History: Received 29 Jan 2021 Revised 9 Feb 2021 Accepted 11 Feb 2021 Available online 11 Feb 2021 ____________________ Keyword: Level, Perceived social responsibility, Vaccine hesitancy Indonesian Journal of Community and Special Needs Education Journal homepage: http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/IJCSNE/ Indonesian Journal of Community and Special Needs Education 1 (1) (2021) 25-30 R.T Deximo.,. Perceived Social Responsibility and Vaccine Hesitancy ... | 26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 17509/xxxxt.vxix pISSN 2775-8400 eISSN 2775-9857


A B S T R A C T S A R T I C L E I N F O
Concerns about vaccine hesitancy are growing worldwide, and now parents are also refusing to vaccinate their children because of vaccination issues even against vaccinepreventable diseases. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the level of vaccine hesitancy and perceived social responsibility in parents and their association with one another. The novelties in this research are (1) Level of Perceived Social Responsibility among Parents, (2) Level of Vaccine Hesitancy among Parents, and (3) Association between the Level of Perceived Social Responsibility and Level of Vaccine Hesitancy. In this study, a quantitativedescriptive research design was used to find out the level of acceptability among the 40 selected parents of Grade 12 students in Sultan Kudarat State University (SKSU) -Laboratory High School. A random sampling technique was utilized in this study. The results implied that the parents have a high level of perceived social responsibility. The results also showed that the parents have a low level of vaccine hesitancy. As to the test of the association between perceived social responsibility and vaccine hesitancy, it shows that there is a statistically significant association between them. Therefore, parents of Grade 12 students have a high level of perceived social responsibility and know that vaccinations are part of their responsibilities as citizens.
Concerns about vaccine hesitancy are growing worldwide. Parents are also refusing to vaccinate their children because of vaccination issues even against vaccine-preventable diseases. Literature related to vaccine hesitancy (Lazarus et al., 2021), susceptibility of vaccine-hesitant parents (Migrino et al., 2020), the perspective of parents towards immunization (Hendrix et al., 2020), and vaccination issues (Wilder-Smith et al., 2019) were used in forming this study. However, there is no study about the association between the level of vaccine hesitancy and perceived social responsibility among parents (Gowda et al., 2013).
The study was conducted to determine the level of vaccine hesitancy and perceived social responsibility in parents. The purpose of the study is to gather data on how vaccine-hesitant parents are and its association with their perceived social responsibility as citizens through the use of surveys and statistical analysis. It is unique for it is relevant for the current condition of the world. It is the reflection of the current thoughts of parents during a pandemic, their perspective towards vaccinations, and how these are determined through their perceived responsibility as parents.

METHODS
This study utilized the following instruments for the surveys: (1) SRS-37, a standardized social responsibility questionnaire to determine perceived social responsibility among parents, and (2) Vaccine Hesitancy survey questionnaire by WHO to measure the extent of vaccine hesitancy among parents.
The rating scales shown in Tables 1 and 2 were used to determine and interpret the level of perceived social responsibility and vaccine hesitancy among the respondents. This scale was used to interpret the obtained mean for each indicator.   Table 3 presents the level of perceived social responsibility of the respondents. The questions were divided into three categories: 1) civil consciousness and public interest, 2) reflection on consequences of one's action, and 3) moral consciousness. In conclusion, the parents of Grade 12 students had a high level of perceived social responsibility in terms of civil consciousness and public interest (3.17), reflection on consequences of one's actions (2.63), and moral consciousness (3.185) with a total of 2.995. Vaccination is a social responsibility (Kovalchuk, 2010). It is a duty for us to owe each other as members of a community (Williams et al., 2013). Since vaccination protects do not only apply for the individual but also for protecting the community, it then becomes a social responsibility. Table 4 shows the level of vaccine hesitancy of the parents by three factors: 1) Contextual Influence, 2) Individual and Group Influence, and 3) Vaccine/ Vaccination-specific issues. In conclusion, the parents of Grade 12 students had a low level of vaccine hesitancy in terms of Contextual Influence (0.99), very low level in the factor of Individual and Group Influence (0.52), and low level in terms of Vaccine/ Vaccination-specific issues (1.16). In total, the respondents have a mean of 0.89 which meant they are categorized to have a low level of vaccine hesitancy. This result is in a good agreement with literature (Dube et al., 2015).    Table 5 shows the results on the association between the level of perceived social responsibility and vaccine hesitancy among the parents. The results shown in the table that the Spearman's rho is -0.2803 and that the p-value is 0.0798. The decision rule is that the Null Hypothesis will be rejected if p-value < 0.10. Since the p-value = 0.0798 and is less than 0.10, the Null Hypothesis (H0) will be rejected. Therefore, there is a statistically significant association between Perceived Social Responsibility and Vaccine-Hesitancy among the parents of Grade 12 students in Laboratory High School. In the table, the Spearman's rho value is ρ = -0.2803. At α=0.10, there is a negatively weak monotonic association between Perceived Social Responsibility and Vaccine Hesitancy of the parents.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, parents do know that their responsibility in terms of decision-making on getting a vaccination for their family is crucial to the health of both them and their children. They are less hesitant to vaccines and know that getting a vaccine is a social responsibility to them. It also indicates that a parent that has a high level of perceived social responsibility does know that getting a vaccine is a responsibility that every citizen should do.

AUTHORS' NOTE
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article. Authors confirmed that the paper was free of plagiarism.