Rhythmical Learning Program on Musical Notation for Junior High School Online Using the Maestro Application

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview to junior high school students regarding rhythmic sounds based on the number of notes through the Maestro application so that students more easily understand and can practice it directly. This research also guides students to be able to read and write rhythmically on musical notes. The focus of the problems studied includes the material being taught, the methods used, and the results obtained. The research method used is a case study through a qualitative approach. The method is used to describe and describe, as well as analyse the phenomenon of rhythmic learning. The learning method used is not only from one method, but there are several other methods such as using environmental media as material for practice and listening to music or songs. The variation of the method aims to make students not feel bored with the material being taught. The object of this research is 10 students from junior high school 22 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. These results indicate that students' knowledge of music increased from the previous question in the pre-test, which was 7.46%, and after we explained and distributed the post-test questions, the result was 21.37%. © 2021 Kantor Jurnal dan Publikasi UPI Article History: Received 25 Jul 2021 Revised 23 Aug 2021 Accepted 30 Aug 2021 Available online 04 Sep 2021 ____________________ Keyword: Maestro application, Musical learning, Qualitative method Rhythmic. Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Journal homepage: http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/ IJOMR/ Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2(1) (2022) 83-90 Azmiyati et al., Rhythmical Learning Program on Musical Notation for Junior High School... | 84 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.xxx pISSN 2776-608X eISSN 2776-5970


INTRODUCTION
Corona virus COVID 19 is hitting the world right now, Corona virus is a large family of viruses that cause disease in humans and animals. In humans, it usually causes respiratory tract infections, ranging from the common cold to serious diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). This virus was first reported to the WHO on December 31, 2019 and the first country to be confirmed was China, to be precise in the city of Wuhan, Indonesia is no exception, Indonesia has also become part of one of the countries affected by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, this is confirmed after President Jokowi and Minister of Health Terawan Agus Putranto, on Monday, March 2, 2020, which stated that 2 Indonesian citizens from Depok were positively infected with the Corona Covid 19 Virus and were being treated at the Prof. Infectious Disease Hospital. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, North Jakarta (Pakpahan & Fitriani, 2020).
Almost all activities have been suspended and this policy is called PSBB. PSBB itself stands for Large-Scale Social Restrictions. This matter is one of the government's strategies in preventing the corona virus. PSBB can help prevent the spread of the corona virus to a certain area, so that people living in an area are expected to be able to protect from the fastspreading epidemic. This policy can only carried out by the government by first conducting a thorough examination of the previously strict to some territory and considering the consequences thoroughly, both economically and socially (Nasruddin & Haq, 2020).
One of the biggest impacts due to the PSBB rules is in the education sector. Regulations issued by the government require educational institutions to carry out their activities online. This makes it difficult for students to grasp the material given by the teachers.
Online learning is a learning system that is not done face-to-face, but uses a platform that can help the teaching and learning process that is carried out even though it is distanced (Handarini & Wulandari, 2020). The internet facility greatly facilitates the learning process so that the learning materials delivered by lecturers to students are better. The internet is a computer network that is only intended in a corporate or institutional environment. Through the internet we can easily get various information that may be needed during the online learning process. The facilities provided on the internet can also assist teachers in providing material to students such as via Zoom, What Sapp, YouTube, etc. (Ferdiansyah et al., 2021).
The process of learning music should be done directly so that it can be easily understood by students. However, in the current situation, most teachers have to use the internet by teaching using applications. The online music learning process does sometimes experience many obstacles so that many of the students finally cannot understand the material presented. But no one has researched about the rhythmical learning program on musical notation for junior high school online using the maestro application.
Creativity is a feature of human life. In order for this creative ability to be nurtured and developed, supporting conditions are needed. If managed properly, education in schools will be able to function as a means for fertilizing and developing creativity. Therefore, teachers as the spearhead of education must be equipped with adequate skills regarding how their students learn. With this ability, it is hoped that students' creativity can be stimulated and finally students will have the ability to solve problems creatively (Yosep, 2004).
As Don Schlitz explains, music enhances whole learning curriculum, because music is an integral component of the historical era, so that music provides an effective approach to identify issues, behaviours, events, and values over a period of time certain (Yuwono, 2016). Therefore, this time the Rhythmic Learning Program provides different teaching using the Maestro application so that students do not get bored easily in learning and can easily read and write notes using the application.
States that basically, the purpose of music education at all levels is the same. Music learning in schools has the objectives to: (1) foster a sense of art at a certain level in each child through the development of musical awareness, the ability to express himself through music, thus enabling children to develop sensitivity to the world around them; (2) develop the ability to assess music through intellectual and artistic in accordance with the culture of the nation; and (3) can be used as a provision to continue their studies to higher music education. Therefore, the provision of music education must be applied from an early age so that it can develop children's talents when they grow up (Wicaksono, 2009).
From this description, in the teaching and learning process at school, students must gain musical experience such as singing, playing musical instruments, listening to songs and even writing notations on music so that children can know the basic theory of music.
There are several applications in the play store that can practice how to enter notation on musical notes, one of which is the Maestro application. In this application, there are quite complete features in music such as, score lines, clefs, number of notes, variations, techniques, even being able to directly write lyrics, etc. In this application students can also directly listen to the work they have made and of course all the features can be used for free. The Maestro application itself is an application from Future Sculptor which is an Android developer that has been active since 2016. Maestro Music Composer is included in the Music and Audio category.
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview to students about the rhythmic sounds on musical notes according to the number of notes through the Maestro application on Android. By using a descriptive analysis method through a qualitative approach, it is expected to be able to describe and describe and be able to analyse the phenomenon of rhythmic learning through pre-test and post-test given to students.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Based on the National Education Standards Agency, the purpose of arts and culture education at the basic education level in the unit level curriculum is for students to have the ability to understand the concept and importance of cultural arts, display an attitude of appreciation for arts and culture, and display creativity through art. Culture, and display participation in cultural arts at the local, regional and global levels. It can be understood that music learning in schools is a teaching and learning process that provides musical experiences and develops the creativity that exists in students.
Learning is a learning system/process planned, implemented, and evaluated. Systematically so that learner can reach the goal learning effectively and efficiently (Rumapea, 2019).
Rhythm pattern is an orderly series of movements and is the basic element of music. Rhythm is formed from a group of sounds and silences, short in length in various times, forming a rhythm pattern and moving according to pulses in each swing of the bar (Fretisari & Munir, 2016).
In choosing learning media, it is known that there are three kinds of media feasibility, namely (a) practical feasibility, based on the ease of teaching materials using media, (b) feasibility technical, namely the potential of media related to media quality, (c) cost feasibility, which refers to the opinion that basically the characteristics of modern education are the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching and learning (Ghozali & Istiandini, 2014

METHODS
The method in this research is the case study method using a qualitative approach, namely analysing, describing, and summarizing various conditions, situations from various data collected in the form of interviews or observations about the problems studied that occur in the field (Winartha, 2006). This case study method with a qualitative approach was given to 22 junior high school students in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, totalling 10 children from 34 students.
Qualitative research terms originally based on observation qualitative as opposed to quantitative observation that qualitative methodology is a tradition particular in the social sciences which is fundamentally dependent on human observations and connect with people it is in his language and in the terminology. Qualitative research have characteristics or characteristics that differentiates it from other types of research others. In general the definition of research qualitative is a method multiple in focus, involving an interpretive and mandatory approach to each of the issues. This means qualitative research works in a natural setting, which seek to understand, give interpretation of the phenomena seen from the meaning people give to him (Gumilang, 2016).
Case studies are included in descriptive analysis research. Explaining the descriptive approach is an approach used to describe social situations that are examined clearly, comparative events from one social situation to another social situation or from a certain time to another time, or can find patterns the relationship between certain aspects with other aspects, so that hypotheses and theories can be found.
Descriptive method is a research method that seeks to describe and interpret objects according to what they are (Fretisari & Munir, 2016).
Qualitative research methods are research methods based on the philosophy of post positivism, used to examine natural objective conditions (as opposed to experiments) where we is the key instrument, sampling data sources is carried out purposively, namely: sampling which is based on certain considerations such as population characteristics or previously known characteristics and data collection techniques with triangulation. Data analysis is inductive/qualitative and qualitative research results emphasize meaning rather than generalization (Fretisari & Munir, 2016).
The case in this study refers to a group of students who do not understand the rhythmic musical notes and data collection techniques in this study, namely through the Google Form which contains Pre Test and Post Test questions given to students. In the pre-test and posttest given to junior high school students, there are questions that refer to their knowledge of music lessons that have been and have not been obtained so we can provide the material needed by students.

Demographics
Demographics is a science that studies the problems and circumstances of population changes or in other words all matters relating to the components of these changes such as births, deaths, migration, so as to produce a condition and composition of the population according to a certain gender (Syarifudin, 2020).
This research was conducted in junior high school. After conducting a survey together with the music teacher at the school, 10 samples were taken from 35 students in one class and consisted of 5 boys and 5 girls. The students who were the sample of the study were grade IX DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.xxx p-ISSN 2776-608X e-ISSN 2776-5970 students. Three out of ten students already understand the basics of music. Seven of them still do not know about the basics of music and only know the notation of numbers.

Phenomena in the learning process
From the demographic data of students, before the material was given and questions were only distributed via Google form, many students did not know about the basics of music, there were only a few students who knew how to read rhythmic notes on musical notes. After the pre-test was distributed, we then explained the material about rhythmic and maestro applications using power point.
The stages of learning carried out are as follows: (i) In the first introductory session, students seemed less enthusiastic in responding to any questions given. Only a few students responded to questions about their experiences in music. (ii) In the second session, after the presentation through power point, students gradually responded and began to be enthusiastic in receiving the material given. Which means, students begin to understand and take notes on each material. (iii) After getting a lot of enthusiasm from students, then proceed with more complex material and the results obtained are students are more active in responding. After getting a lot of enthusiasm from the students, it was continued with more complex lectures on how to read musical notes and an explanation of the maestro application.
The results obtained are that students more active in responding and more and understand about the material given. (iv) After all the teaching sessions are completed, then an evaluation and repetition of the material is carried out to students so that students can remember again about the music material presented. The results shown from the presentation using the maestro application media were quite satisfactory and received a good response from the students so that it increased students' knowledge about the basics of music and procedures for using the maestro application.

Pre-test and Post-test results
Learning at junior high school 22 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia is conducted online from grades VII, VII and IX. Students are given several pre-test questions via Google Form regarding what material they have learned about music that is shared through groups on the What Sapp application. After getting the results from the pre-test, we then carried out lectures on rhythmic sounds on musical notes and an explanation of the use of the maestro application using power point. Table 1 describes the questions and answers from the pre-test and post-test that have been distributed to students. This question is addressed to grade IX students from Junior High School 22 Bandung, Indonesia. Pre-test questions given to students in the form of basic questions about music and what music lessons have been obtained. After getting the results from 10 students, we then provided material through power points and maestro applications regarding music lessons that had not been obtained. After explaining the material, then we redistributed the questions via Google form to the 10 students in the form of a post-test so that we could understand what material the students needed. The results of the post-test showed an increase in students' knowledge of the basics of music. Quite a lot of students understand after explaining some of the material.
The results show several discussion points:

CONCLUSION
The conclusion of this study is that there are still many junior high school students who do not even know how to read musical notes which can be seen from the results of the pre-test and post-test. Therefore, music learning media must be made as attractive as possible during online learning so that students can easily digest the material provided. Learning through the maestro application can increase students' knowledge about rhythmic reading and can practice it directly. From the maestro application also students can try some features on DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.xxx p-ISSN 2776-608X e-ISSN 2776-5970 musical notes. In this pandemic period, music learning which is mostly done with practice will be easy for students to do and students can hone their talents in making their own music with the basics of music that have been obtained.
From online learning using this maestro application, students now know more and can read rhythmic notes on musical notes. Not only reading, students are also able to copy their own musical works that have been exemplified.
The results obtained from this study are seen from the difference in students' knowledge after getting the rhythmic reading material on musical notes which is now increasing compared to before the material explanation was carried out. This result is evident from the increasing number of percentage gains from pre-test to post-test 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT