Development of Coconut Fiber Composite Concrete Walls: A Study on Compressive Strength and Weight for Rural Housing

Andi Jiba Rifai Bassaleng, Amar Ali, Nur Rahmanian Burhany, Putri Fitriaty

Abstract


This research develops composite concrete walls made from coconut fiber which are easily found almost all over Indonesia as an alternative material for houses in rural areas. With the development of coconut fiber composite wall material directly from the source, the results of this research are believed to be able to reduce production costs so that it is more economical and affordable for low-income people in rural areas. In addition, the way of work is relatively easier and shorter than the arrangement of brick walls, resulting in efficiency in the construction of houses in the countryside which can accelerate the program of providing houses for the community. The purpose of this study is to prove the strength of coconut fiber composite concrete by testing the mechanical characteristics of compressive strength and weight. The test sample was designed in 3 layers with variations in the arrangement of coconut fibers parallel and cross, variations in the volume of coconut fiber fibers of 50% and 25%, and variations in mortar mixture were 1:5 and 1:4 when the age of concrete was 28 days, then compared with the characteristics of bricks and bricks. The results of this study prove that the development of composite concrete walls from coconut fiber has great potential to be applied to rural houses.

Keywords


composite concrete wall, coconut fiber, rural housing

Full Text:

PDF

References


Advincula, Jericson H., Dustin Glenn C. Cuevas, Allan Dave A. Dela Cruz, and John Paul D. Carreon. 2018. “Structural Characterization of Foamed Composite Structural Insulated Panel with Coir for Load Bearing Wall Application.” Materials Science Forum 934 MSF:222–26. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.934.222.

Andiç-Çakir, Özge, Mehmet Sarikanat, Hikmet Bahadir Tüfekçi, Cihan Demirci, and Ümit Halis Erdoǧan. 2014. “Physical and Mechanical Properties of Randomly Oriented Coir Fiber-Cementitious Composites.” Composites Part B: Engineering 61:49–54. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.01.029.

Apriyatno, Henry. 2013. “Flexural Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Coconut Fiber.” Journal of Civil Engineering & Planning 13(1):45–52.

Asim, Muhammad, Ghulam Moeen Uddin, Hafsa Jamshaid, Ali Raza, Zia ul Rehman, Uzair Hussain, Aamir Naseem Satti, Nasir Hayat, and Syed Muhammad Arafat. 2020. “Comparative Experimental Investigation of Natural Fibers Reinforced Light Weight Concrete as Thermally Efficient Building Materials.” Journal of Building Engineering 31(August 2019):101411. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101411.

Astuti, Fahmi, Suminar Pratapa, Suasmoro Suasmoro, Triwikantoro Triwikantoro, and Yoyok Cahyono. 2023. “Coconut Fiber Waste Processing Using a Shredder Machine in an Effort to Utilize It as an Appropriate Product in Candimulyo - Dolopo - Madiun Village.” Sewagati 7(3):1–6. doi: 10.12962/j26139960.v7i3.504.

National Standardization Agency. 2002. “SNI 03-6825-2002 Compressive Strength Testing Method of Portland Cement Mortar for Civil Works.” 1–15.

National Standardization Agency. 1989. “SNI 03-0349-1989 Specification of Concrete Bricks for Wall Masonry.” 1–5.

National Standardization Agency. 2000. “SNI 15-2094-2000 Solid Red Bricks for Wall Masonry.”

Bakri. 2010. “Determination of Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fiber.” Mechanical Journal 1(1):23–29.

Brose, Andrew, Johnathan Kongoletos, and Leon Glicksman. 2019a. “Coconut Fiber Cement Panels as Wall Insulation and Structural Diaphragm.” Frontiers in Energy Research 7(MAR):1–9. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2019.00009.

Brose, Andrew, Johnathan Kongoletos, and Leon Glicksman. 2019b. “Coconut Fiber Cement Panels as Wall Insulation and Structural Diaphragm.” Frontiers in Energy Research 7(MAR):1–9. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2019.00009.

Bui, Huyen, Nassim Sebaibi, Mohamed Boutouil, and Daniel Levacher. 2020. "Determination and Review of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Raw and Treated Coconut Fibers for Their Recycling in Construction Materials." Fibers 8(6). doi: 10.3390/FIB8060037.

Darsana, P., Ruby Abraham, Anu Joseph, Arakkal Jasheela, P. R. Binuraj, and Jithin Sarma. 2016. "Development of Coir-Fibre Cement Composite Roofing Tiles." Procedia Technology 24:169–78. doi: 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.024.

Directorate General of Plantations. 2023. Plantation Statistics Volume I 2022-2024. Jakarta.

Dugvekar, Mitali, and Savita Dixit. 2022. “Chemical Treatments for Modification of the Surface Morphology of Coir Fiber: A Review.” Journal of Natural Fibers 19(15):11940–61. doi: 10.1080/15440478.2022.2048938.

Elhusna, and Jefri Suwandi. 2012. “Increased Concrete Tensile Strength Due to Addition of Coconut Fiber.” Inertia 4(1):17–23.

Gisip, Judith. 2023. “Effect of Chemical Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coir Fibre-Polypropylene Composites.” Scientific Research Journal 20(1):145–57. doi: 10.24191/srj.v20i1.20720.

Hardjasaputra, Harianto, Gino Ng, Girum Urgessa, Gabriella Lesmana, and Steven Sidharta. 2017. “Performance of Lightweight Natural-Fiber Reinforced Concrete.” MATEC Web of Conferences 138:1–6. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201713801009.

Harish, S., D. Peter Michael, A. Bensely, D. Mohan Lal, and A. Rajadurai. 2009. “Mechanical Property Evaluation of Natural Fiber Coir Composite.” Materials Characterization 60(1):44–49. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2008.07.001.

Indahyani, Titi. 2011. “Utilization of Coconut Fiber Waste in Interior and Furniture Planning that Impacts on the Empowerment of Poor Communities.” Humaniora 2(1):15–23.

Kadam, Vinod, Sajal K. Chattopadhyay, Ashok Bharimalla, and Bindu Venugopal. 2014. “Mechanical Characterization of Brown and Green Coconut Husk.” Journal of Natural Fibers 11(4):322–32. doi: 10.1080/15440478.2013.879086.

Kochova, K., F. Gauvin, K. Schollbach, and H. J. H. Brouwers. 2020. “Using Alternative Waste Coir Fibers as a Reinforcement in Cement-Fibre Composites.” Construction and Building Materials 231:117121. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117121.

Kumarasamy, Kalaivani, Gunasekaran Kandasamy, and Annadurai Ramasamy. 2023. “Elucidation of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Coconut Husk Mortar as a Sustainable Building Material for Ferrocement.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 15(5). doi: 10.3390/su15053995.

Kurinjimalar, R., S. Vimala, M. Silambarasan, and S. Chinnasami. 2021. “A Review on Coir Fiber Reinforced Composites with Different Matrix.” REST Journal on Emerging Trends in Modeling and Manufacturing 7(2):25–32. doi: 10.46632/7/2/1.

Mahmud, Md Arif, Nafis Abir, Ferdausee Rahman Anannya, Ayub Nabi Khan, A. N. M. Masudur Rahman, and Nasrin Jamine. 2023. "Coir Fiber as Thermal Insulator and Its Performance as Reinforcing Material in Biocomposite Production." Heliyon 9(5):e15597. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15597.

Muñoz, Socrates, Luigi Villena, Franlik Tesen, Yan Coronel, Juan Garcia, and Carlos Brast. 2023. “Influence of Coconut Fiber on Mortar Properties in Masonry Walls.” Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 23(4):52–58. doi: 10.56748/ejse.23391.

Muzaki, Mochamad Denta Risman, Sunarso Sunarso, and Agus Setiadi. 2020. “Analysis of Coconut Fiber Potential and Its Use Strategy as Raw Material for Ruminant Animal Feed.” Livestock and Animal Research 18(3):274. doi: 10.20961/lar.v18i3.46001.

Mydin, Md Azree Othuman, Shankar Ganesan, Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos, Nangkula Utaberta, and Nor Atiah Ismail. 2016. “Structural Behavior of Coir Fiber-Reinforced Foamed Concrete Wall Panel System.” Jurnal Teknologi 78(5):169–77. doi: 10.11113/jt.v78.8276.

Nazi Mwambegu, Mercy, and R. Gnanamoorthy. 2023. “Water Absorption in Alkaline-Treated Coir Pith – For Use as Reinforcement Material in Polymer Matrix Composites.” Materials Today: Proceedings (xxxx). doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.235.

Nurlia, Nurlia, Muhammad Ilham, Lustanri Asobo, Firman Sangintang, Sarianti Sarianti, Winda Soom, Nurhasana S. Lajagang, Sayyidah Nadhirotul Luthfiyyah, and Sri Wulyani. 2022. “Utilization of Coconut Fiber Waste into Orchid Pots in Bangketa Village, Nuhon District, Banggai Regency.” Indonesian Community Service Journal 2(2):733–38. doi: 10.54082/jamsi.318.

Parbhane, D. M., and S. B. Shinde. 2014. “Strength Properties of Coir Fiber Concrete.” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 5(2):22–26.

Restrepo, Andrés, and César Echavarría. 2023. “Insulated Wood Walls Using Coconut Fiber.” International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering 27(169):6–7. doi: 10.11159/iccste23.169.

Robert, Ubong Williams, Sunday Edet Etuk, Grace Peter Umoren, and Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi. 2019. “Assessment of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Composite Board Produced from Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Husks, Waste Newspapers, and Cassava Starch.” International Journal of Thermophysics 40(9). doi: 10.1007/s10765-019-2547-8.

Rumbayan, Rilya, Sudarno, and Adriana Ticoalu. 2019. “A Study into Flexural, Compressive and Tensile Strength of Coir-Concrete as Sustainable Building Material.” MATEC Web of Conferences 258:01011. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201925801011.

Schiavon, Jéssica Zamboni, Pietra Moraes Borges, and Jairo José de Oliveira Andrade. 2024. “Physical-Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Changes in Mortars with Chemically Treated Coir Fibers.” Journal of Materials Research and Technology 30:4030–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.04.109.

Shahidan, Shahiron, Alif Syazani Leman, Mohamad Syamir Senin, and Nurul Izzati Raihan Ramzi Hannan. 2016. “Suitability of Coconut Shell Concrete for Precast Cool Wall Panel-A Review.” MATEC Web of Conferences 87. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/20178701005.

Sharma, Prerna, and V. R. Prasath Kumar. 2023. “Fabrication of a Sandwich Panel by Integrating Coconut Husk with Polyurethane Foam and Optimization Using R2.” Construction and Building Materials 409(September):133929. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133929.

Surianti, Surianti, and Arham Arham. 2017. “Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Sabut Kelapa Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton.” Jurnal Media Inovasi Teknik Sipil UNIDAYAN 6(1):57–64. doi: 10.55340/jmi.v6i1.588.

Tran, L. Q. N., T. Nguyen Minh, C. A. Fuentes, T. Truong Chi, A. W. Van Vuure, and I. Verpoest. 2015. “Investigation of Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Porous Natural Coir Fibre for Use in Composite Materials.” Industrial Crops and Products 65:437–45. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.10.064.

Zalukhu, Pinter Susanto, Irwan Irwan, and Denny Meisandy Hutauruk. 2017. “Pengaruh Penambahan Serat Sabut Kelapa (Cocofiber) Terhadap Campuran Beton Sebagai Peredam Suara.” Journal of Civil Engineering, Building and Transportation 1(1):27. doi: 10.31289/jcebt.v1i1.367.

Zamboni Schiavon, Jéssica, and Jairo José de Oliveira Andrade. 2023. “Comparison between Alternative Chemical Treatments on Coir Fibers for Application in Cementitious Materials.” Journal of Materials Research and Technology 25:4634–49. doi: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.06.210.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jare.v7i1.86411

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Architectural Research and Education

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.