Simulasi Numerik Pengaruh Lebar dan Kerapatan Mangrove terhadap Atenuasi Gelombang di Perairan Dangkal
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of mangrove width and density on wave attenuation in shallow waters through numerical simulations using the nonlinear shallow water equations. A finite difference method with an upwind scheme was employed to discretize the nonlinear terms, resulting in a numerical model for simulating wave propagation in coastal ecosystems. The energy dissipation caused by mangroves is modeled as a friction term in the momentum equation. Numerical simulation results indicate that increasing mangrove width correlates with a decrease in wave height. In low-density vegetation, the reduction in transmitted wave height is around 1–2%, whereas high-density regions can achieve reductions of up to 21.5%. This finding suggests that sufficiently dense mangrove stands effectively dampen wave energy and protect coastal areas from erosion and damage. Additionally, an exponential fitting model was developed to explicitly account for the combined effects of mangrove density and width.
Keywords: Finite Difference Method, Mangrove, Numerical Simulation, Shallow Water Equation, Wave Attenuation.
Abstrak
Studi ini mengkaji pengaruh lebar dan kepadatan vegetasi mangrove terhadap atenuasi gelombang di perairan dangkal melalui simulasi numerik dengan menggunakan persamaan air dangkal nonlinier (nonlinear shallow water equations). Metode beda hingga dengan skema upwind diterapkan untuk mendiskretisasi suku-suku nonlinier, menghasilkan model numerik yang digunakan mensimulasikan perambatan gelombang di ekosistem pesisir. Redaman energi akibat adanya mangrove dimodelkan sebagai efek gesek pada persamaan momentum. Hasil simulasi numerik menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan lebar mangrove berkorelasi dengan penurunan tinggi gelombang. Pada vegetasi dengan kerapatan rendah pengaruh reduksi gelombang transmisi berkisar pada 1–2%, sementara untuk kawasan dengan kerapatan tinggi dapat menghasilkan reduksi hingga 21.5%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa Kawasan vegetasi yang cukup rapat efektif meredam energi gelombang dan melindungi wilayah pesisir dari abrasi serta kerusakan. Selain itu, dikembangkan juga model fitting eksponensial untuk memahami pengaruh kerapatan vegetasi dan lebar mangrove secara eksplisit.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jem.v13i1.81516
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