Development of Learning Media "Geoscan" Related to Geographical Characteristics of Indonesia as an Archipelago and Its Influence on Aspects of Life in Grade V Theme 1

The use of the application aims to make the essence of learning effectively received by students, one of which we will discuss is the material "Geographical Characteristics of Indonesia as an Archipelago and its Effect on Life". Geographical conditions reflect an integration of regions, namely how the regions are arranged by physical and social symptoms. Therefore, this research discusses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that making an application called GEOSCAN by utilising barcode scans in learning grade V Theme 1 SD about "Geographical Characteristics of Indonesia as an Archipelago and its Influence on Life." and in grade 5 social studies subjects about "Geographical characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelago / maritime and agrarian country and its influence on economic, social, cultural, communication and transportation life". This research is intended to help facilitate delivery and achieve learning objectives. This application is made through Unity, in its use students can open the application, scan maps, and access material on the geographical conditions of the five major islands in Indonesia.


INTRODUCTION
Science and technology are developing very rapidly today.This triggers the emergence of new breakthrough ideas that can help human activities in everyday problems.One of the existing technologies is the application.According to (Panginan and Irwansyah, 2020), an application is a ready-made programme that can be used to carry out commands from users with the aim of getting more accurate results in accordance with the purpose of making the application.According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, an application is the application of a system design to process data using the rules or provisions of a particular programming language.It can be concluded that the definition of application in general is an applied tool that functions specifically and integrated according to its capabilities, the application is a computer device that is ready for users.
One form of sophistication of the application is the ability to visualise objects, both in two dimensions and three dimensions.Technology that can do this is AR or Augmented Reality.According to (Kamelia, 2015) augmented reality is a technology that combines threedimensional (3D) virtual objects into a three-dimensional real environment.(Haryani and Triyono, 2017) Defining augmented reality as one part of the Virtual Environment (VE) or commonly known as Virtual Reality (VR).AR gives users an idea of the merging of the real world with the virtual world seen from the same place (Lahay and Mohamad, 2020).Referring to the quote above, augmented reality is a technology that combines a two-dimensional or three-dimensional virtual object into a three-dimensional real environment and then projects these virtual objects into the real environment.With the help of augmented reality technology, the real environment around us will be able to interact in digital (virtual) form.Information about objects and the environment around us will be added to the augmented reality system and then the information is displayed on top of the real world layer in real-time as if the information is real.
Technology is present as a means of convenience in running life, including education.Education has a challenge to be able to optimise the role of technology in contributing to the success of education, both from the aspects of the learning process, learning media, learning strategies, to learning evaluation (Deslianti and Sonita, 2022).Along with the development of Technology and Information, thus encouraging the creation of innovative, effective, and efficient learning media utilisation.For this reason, a digital-based learning media is needed so that it can be utilised in an effort to improve student learning outcomes.According to (Salsabila et al, 2020), learning media is a tool to clarify the presentation of material and information so that it can clarify and improve the learning process and results.Learning media can also direct students' attention so that it can generate learning motivation which has an impact on activeness and learning outcomes.
Learning media is an integral part of the learning system, so the use of learning media affects student learning outcomes.The teacher's ability to design and implement learning designs is the key to the success of enjoyable learning.(Rahmatullah et al, 2020).One of the innovative, effective, and efficient uses of learning media is the use of applications supported by augmented reality.This can be seen from the facts found by (Riskiono et al, 2020) in his research concluded that the results of Usability testing using questionnaires, the applications made were tested in the "GOOD" category where the test scores obtained were above 4.0, making it feasible to be applied as learning media.(Aprilinda et al, 2020) suggested in their research that the calculation of the percentage increase in value, for groups of students who studied using biology textbooks obtained a percentage increase of 14.5%, while for groups of students who studied using the Digestive System Augmented Reality application obtained a percentage increase of 24.8% which means that groups of students who study using the Digestive System Augmented Reality application have a higher percentage increase in value than groups of students who study using biology textbooks.
Looking at one of the learning contents in thematic learning in elementary schools, namely Social Sciences, one of the most material contained in this learning content is geography material (Darung et al., 2020).Geography is a science that studies human interaction with nature and examines the physical landscape of the earth and social life so that this science is very close to students' daily lives (Pratiwi et al., 2021;Sugandi, 2015).Geography learning is outlined in the curriculum and also developed into lesson plans.The purpose of geography needs to be studied by students so that students are able to understand the surrounding environment such as the community environment, the environment of their own country, and the environment of other nations as well.The basic material for learning geography is the spatial aspect of the earth's surface which includes all natural events and human existence with regional variations.Geography learning in Social Sciences (IPS) involves the role of students in learning the scope of geography taught in the classroom and adjusted to the level of mental development of each low and high class.
The scope of geography allows students to find answers about the world around them, especially on the spatial and ecological aspects of human existence.According to Ministerial Regulation No. 22/2006, Geography subject content is intended to create the ability to behave intelligently, wisely, and responsibly in dealing with social, economic, and ecological problems.A person will grow into a person with character if they develop in an environment with character.Of course, massive efforts are needed by all parties or components in society (Sugandi, 2015).This shows that geography does not only emphasise the understanding of concepts and skills, but also character education in accordance with the ideology of Pancasila owned by the Indonesian nation.In addition, an integrated learning process between theory and practice is needed because the most important essence of learning is habituation that is always related to everyday life.
Geography covers various aspects of human life, namely social, economic, political and educational aspects (Sudarwanto and Murtomo, 2013).In this regard, it can be seen that Indonesia is a multicultural country consisting of many islands with different territories and different customs, tribes, languages, and cultural habits.Learners as Indonesian citizens need to understand about the local wisdom of their own country and the geographical conditions that affect the aspects of life around them (Sumayana et al., 2021;Dewi et al., 2015).By doing so, it is hoped that students will be able to foster a sense of patriotism or nationalism in themselves and obtain character education from these things.
In learning in the era of Society 5.0, teachers as facilitators of students need to understand and master the techniques of teaching various materials in the classroom effectively and communicatively (Rukmana and Susila, 2017).When examining the facts in the field, it is not uncommon for the application of teacher-centred learning methods to often make students passive in class and even reluctant to ask questions when students feel they do not understand the material.In addition, the selection of traditional learning media that is monotonous and less interactive also causes students to experience difficulties and misunderstandings in absorbing the main essence of the learning material presented (Sabirin et al., 2022).The importance of developing learning media will affect student learning outcomes.Therefore, teachers must find answers to this problem.
Nowadays, the development of technology has penetrated into various fields of life including social, economic, political, and education (Sakti, 2020).The integration of technology into education can be found everywhere such as the application of cloud computing applications (Gmail, Google Classroom, etc.) in digital learning (Muhammad et al., 2021).The use in a computer, instruction (instruction) or statement (statement) which is arranged in such a way that the computer can process input into output is called an application (Mustaqim, 2016).In the field of education, applications can be used as media to assist the learning process.Learning media is anything that can convey or channel messages from a planned source, so that a conducive learning environment occurs where the recipient can carry out the learning process efficiently and effectively (Nurhayati and Rahardi, 2021).
The use of applications aims to ensure that the essence of learning can be received by students effectively, one of which we will discuss is the material "Geographical Characteristics of Indonesia as an Archipelago and its Effect on Life'' (Lesmono and Mulyadi, 2019).Geographical conditions reflect an integration of regions, namely how the regions are arranged by physical and social symptoms.The influence of the earth on human life can be seen from the condition of its geographical factors.As Indonesian citizens, learners need to understand how the geographical characteristics of their country and its influence on life (Puspitasari et al., 2021).In addition, there is also the application of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) (Sumarni et al., 2021).Augmented Reality is a technology in the field of multimedia that is used to be able to visualise a virtual world that is part of the real world that seems to be connected to the real world and can interact (Hamzah et al. 2021) (Ramadhan et al. 2017), so 3D objects in cyberspace can be as if lifted and appear as real as real objects.
The utilisation of technology in education can be the right answer to develop interactive and communicative technology-based learning media (Mustaqim, 2016).Therefore, the author tries to make an application called GEOSCAN by utilising barcode scans in learning grade V Theme 1 SD about "Geographical Characteristics of Indonesia as an Archipelago and its Influence on Life."In grade 5 theme 1 SD, in social studies subjects about "Indonesia's geographical characteristics as an archipelago or maritime and agrarian country and its influence on economic, social, cultural, communication and transportation life" (Alawi et al., 2018).Making this application is intended to help facilitate delivery and achieve learning objectives.This application is made through Unity, in its use students can open the application and access material on the geographical conditions of 5 large islands in Indonesia, then students can also scan AR from markers that have been prepared according to the islands in Indonesia or scan maps of Indonesia on a particular island.

METHODS
The research method used in this research is the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method developed by Luther (1994).In this research method, there are six stages of activities that need to be carried out as shown in Figure 1.

Concept
Conceptualisation is a stage which is used to determine the concept, purpose, audience or users of the application (Borman and Erma, 2018).

Design
This design stage is the stage of designing programme architecture specifications, style, appearance, and the need for materials in making the programme (Sugiarto, 2018).

Material Collecting
Material Collecting is the stage of collecting the required materials, including images, photos, animations, videos, audio, text, and other materials needed in making the programme (Sumaryana and Hikmatyar, 2020).

Assembly
This stage is the stage where the programme begins to be made based on the design that has been designed and the materials that have been prepared in the previous stage (Mustika et al., 2018).

Testing
Testing is the stage of testing the feasibility of the programme that has been made (Rahman et al., 2016).

Distribution
This is the stage where the programme that has passed the test is then distributed by saving the programme in the form of an application (Borman and Erma, 2018).

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The use of the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) research method by Luther obtained the following research results.

Concept
At this stage, it produces a concept formulation of making learning media called Geoscan related to the geographical characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelago and its influence on aspects of life in class V Theme 1.The target of this learning media is grade V elementary school students.This learning media is made with an interesting concept, Easy to use, innovative, interesting, interactive.This Geoscan learning media is made with the aim of attracting interest and increasing students' enthusiasm for learning because the material is packaged in an interesting and varied way, so that students are not easily bored and have no difficulty in understanding the material.

Design
The design stage is a stage used to make specifications related to programme architecture, style, design, appearance and material requirements for making programmes (Mustika, 2018).At this stage, the design of learning media is carried out.In this learning media design planning consists of this media menu consisting of a start page, menu page, info page, material menu page, material page, 3D scan page (AR), and developer page.

Material Collecting
At this stage, the materials needed to create Geoscan learning media are collected.The materials used are images, learning materials related to the geographical characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelago and its influence on aspects of life obtained from the internet, application designs designed through canva, 3D model assets in the form of suitable traditional houses and sound for backsound obtained from the internet.

Assembly
The assembly stage is the stage where the learning media is made based on the planning that has been made and the materials that have been obtained.At this stage, Geoscan learning media is made using the Unity application.The results of making Geoscan learning media are as follows.

Start Page
The following is the display that will appear for the first time when students open Geoscan learning media.This page displays the name of the application, the START button which if pressed will display the menu page, the title of the material to be studied and the backsound (see Figure 3).

Menu Page
On this menu page there are four buttons including the INFO button which is used to go to the info page, the MATERIAL button which is used to go to the material menu page, the DEVELOPER button which is used to go to the developer page and the EXIT button which is used to exit the application (see Figure 4).

Info Page
On the info page there is an explanation of the function of each button in this Geoscan application.In addition, there is also a MENU button that can be used to go to the menu page and an EXIT button to exit the application (see Figure 5).

Developer Page
This page contains information from the application developer consisting of name, Student Identification Number and developer photo.In addition, there is also a MENU button that can be used to go to the menu page and an EXIT button to exit the application (see Figure 6).

Material Menu Page
On this material menu page there is an image of the island of Indonesia and on each major island such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya there is an island name button (SUMATERA, KALIMANTAN, JAWA, SULAWESI and IRIAN JAYA buttons) that can be clicked to go to each material.There is also a MENU button that can be used to go to the menu page and an EXIT button to exit the application (see Figure 7).

Material Page
The material page presents material related to the geographical characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelago and its influence on aspects of life.On each island that is pressed will proceed to the material page, from each island has two material pages.The first material page contains the name of the island, its area, and a variety of traditional clothing as shown in Figure 8 below.In addition, there is also a MENU button that can be used to go to the menu page, the EXIT button to exit the application, the MENU button to the left to return to the previous page and the arrow button to the right to go to the next page.While the second material page contains the name of the island, the majority of the occupations of its inhabitants, a variety of traditional houses as shown in Figure 9 below.In addition, there is also a MENU button that can be used to go to the menu page, EXIT button to exit the application, left arrow button to return to the previous page, right arrow button to go to the next page, MATERI button to go to the material menu page and 3D SCAN button to go to the 3D scan page (AR).

Scan 3D (AR) Page
On this Scan 3D (AR) page, students are asked to scan the major islands of Indonesia, namely the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya.The following markers are used to bring up AR traditional houses from each island when scanning.If, scanning the island of Sumatra according to the marker, an AR image of the island of Sumatra will appear, as shown below (see Figure 10).If you scan the island of Java according to the marker, an AR image of the island of Java will appear, as shown below (see Figure 12).If you scan the island of Sulawesi according to the marker, an AR of a traditional house from Sulawesi will appear, namely the Tongkonan traditional house, as shown below (see Figure 18).If, scanning the island of Papua according to the marker, an AR of a traditional house from Papua will appear, namely the Honai traditional house, as shown in Figure 19 below.When scanning this AR, students can also enlarge, reduce, provide rotation effects, and change the position of the AR display of traditional houses.In addition, on this 3D Scan (AR) page there is a MATERI button to go to the material menu page and an EXIT button to exit the application.

Testing
At this stage testing is carried out, to see if there are errors or errors found when the Geoscan learning media is run.In testing this Geoscan application, we try to install the application into Android and try to run all the functions and features and check whether there are errors or errors or not.If there are errors or errors, improvements will be made to the Geoscan application through unity.This is done continuously until the Geoscan application is really running well and there are no errors.

Distribution
The last stage of the MDLC method is distribution, but researchers only get to testing in making this Geoscan Application.

CONCLUSION
Research that uses the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) research method (MDLC) by Luther obtained the following research results.

Concept
At this stage, it produces a concept formulation of making learning media called Geoscan related to the geographical characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelago and its influence on aspects of life in class V Theme 1.The target of this learning media is grade V elementary school students.This learning media is made with the concept of attractive, easy to use, innovative, interesting, interactive.This Geoscan learning media is made with the aim of Issue 1, June 2023 Pages 25-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/seict.v4i1.59647p-ISSN 2774-1656 e-ISSN 2774-1699 Issue 1, June 2023 Pages 25-42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/seict.v4i1.59647p-ISSN 2774-1656 e-ISSN 2774-16993.4.1.Icon AplikasiWe designed the icon in Figure2below using Canva and with Unity we set the icon become the become of the Geosca application.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Material Menu Page

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Customised clothing material page

Figure 14 .
Figure 14.Marker from Irian Jaya IslandFrom each of the big Indonesian island markers above, if scanned, it will bring up an AR model of one of the traditional houses from each island.If, scanning the island of Sumatra according to the marker, the AR of the traditional house from Sumatra will appear, namely the Gadang traditional house, as shown below (see Figure15).

Figure 15 .
Figure 15.AR Model of Sumatran Traditional House

Figure 16 .
Figure 16.AR Model of Kalimantan Traditional House

Figure 17 .
Figure 17.AR model of Javanese traditional house.

Figure 18 .
Figure 18.AR Model of Sulawesi Traditional House

Figure 19 .
Figure 19.AR Model of Papuan Customary House