TRANSFORMASI RITUAL HAJI DAN UMRAH: ANALISIS INTERDISIPLINER AGAMA, POLITIK, DAN KOMUNIKASI ISLAM KONTEMPORER

Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, Muhammad Dimas Anugrah, Wenti Frihadianti, Tukma Triputri Daulay, Dindin Solahudin

Abstract


The rituals of Hajj and Umrah represent the two pinnacle forms of religious experience in Islam, reflecting the spiritual, social, and political dimensions of the global Muslim community. Amid the currents of globalization and the mediatization of religion, these rituals have undergone significant transformations that challenge traditional understandings of sacredness and religious authenticity. This article seeks to integrate historical, theological, and Islamic communication perspectives with the interdisciplinary approach developed by Hillary Rodrigues and John S. Harding (2009) in Introduction to the Study of Religion. This approach rejects the dichotomy between faith and scholarship, opening a space for reflection on how religious practices are mediated by technology, economics, and global politics. In addition, Robert R. Bianchi’s theory of religious globalization in Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World (2004) is employed to examine how states and markets influence the administration of the Hajj. The article argues that Hajj and Umrah are no longer merely ritual acts of worship, but global social phenomena imbued with tensions between the sacred and the profane, spirituality and commodification, as well as tradition and modernity. Employing theological, sociological, and phenomenological approaches, this article demonstrates how the transformation of Hajj and Umrah reflects the contemporary religious dynamics of Muslims in the digital era.

 

Ritual Haji dan Umrah merupakan dua puncak pengalaman keagamaan dalam Islam yang mencerminkan dimensi spiritual, sosial, dan politik umat Muslim secara global. Di tengah arus globalisasi dan mediatization of religion, kedua ibadah ini mengalami transformasi signifikan yang menantang pemaknaan tradisional tentang kesakralan dan otentisitas religius. Artikel ini berupaya mengintegrasikan perspektif historis, teologis, dan komunikasi Islam dengan pendekatan interdisipliner sebagaimana dikembangkan oleh Hillary Rodrigues dan John S. Harding (2009) dalam Introduction to the Study of Religion. Pendekatan ini menolak dikotomi antara iman dan ilmu, dan membuka ruang refleksi terhadap bagaimana praktik keagamaan dimediasi oleh teknologi, ekonomi, dan politik global. Selain itu, teori globalisasi keagamaan Robert R. Bianchi dalam Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World (2004) dijadikan acuan untuk memahami bagaimana negara dan pasar mempengaruhi penyelenggaraan ritual Haji. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa Haji dan Umrah tidak lagi sekadar ibadah ritual, melainkan juga fenomena sosial global yang mengandung ketegangan antara sakral dan profan, antara spiritualitas dan komodifikasi, serta antara tradisi dan modernitas. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan teologis, sosiologis, dan fenomenologis, artikel ini menunjukkan bagaimana transformasi ritual Haji dan Umrah menjadi refleksi atas dinamika keagamaan kontemporer umat Islam di era digital.

 


Keywords


Haji, Umrah, Globalisasi, Komunikasi Islam, Ritual Keagamaan, Studi Agama Interdisipliner.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/e.v25i1.93842

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