Architectural Innovations in the Development of Sustainable Villas for Tourism in Lembang

Ahmad Ghazy Dananjaya

Abstract


Lembang, as one of the leading tourist destinations in Indonesia, holds great potential for the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable rental villas. This study aims to analyze effective regional planning strategies for the development of rental villas with a focus on sustainability. The method used is mixed methods, combining a survey of 311 tourists who stayed in rental villas and in-depth interviews with local stakeholders, including villa owners, tourism managers, and local communities. The survey results show that 80% of tourists prefer environmentally friendly accommodations, with 65% supporting the use of renewable energy, 70% favoring efficient waste management, and 75% preferring environmentally friendly building materials. The interviews revealed that 70% of stakeholders believe that good planning can enhance the tourist experience and minimize negative impacts on the local community. The novelty of this research lies in the integrative approach that combines regional planning, environmentally friendly technology, and local community involvement in every stage of rental villa development. This research contributes to the development of sustainability-based regional planning theories and offers practical recommendations for local government policies to support sustainable tourism. These findings are expected to provide insights into the development of environmentally friendly rental villas in Lembang.

Keywords


Rental villas; sustainability; tourism; environmentally friendly technology; community involvement;

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abbas, J., Bresciani, S., Subhani, G., & De Bernardi, P. (2025). Nexus of ambidexterity and frugal innovation for enhanced ESG performance of entrepreneurial firms. The role of organizational capabilities. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-01062-5

Alhaidary, H. (2024). Three-Dimensional Concrete Printing as a Construction Automation Strategy and Assessments from a Case Study Building. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/jaeied.aeeng-1714

Anselin, L. (2005). Exploring Spatial Data with GeoDa TM : A Workbook Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science. http://sal.agecon.uiuc.edu/http://www.csiss.org/

Ayomide, A. T., Victor, A. O., Adeniyi, T. A., & Adeyemi, F. A. (2024). Expression and communication in architecture philosophy of vernacular architecture of the Yorubas in Nigeria. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.07.015

Barrile, V., Bernardo, E., Fotia, A., & Bilotta, G. (2022). Integration of Laser Scanner, GroundPenetrating Radar, 3D Models and Mixed Reality for Artistic, Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Dissemination. Heritage, 5(3), 1529–1550. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030080

Bernard, H. Russell. (2006). Research methods in anthropology : qualitative and quantitative approaches. AltaMira Press.

Carrillo-Muro, O., Rodríguez-Cordero, D., Hernández-Briano, P., Correa-Aguado, P. I., MedinaFlores, C. A., Huerta-López, L. A., Rodríguez-Valdez, F. J., Rivera-Villegas, A., & Plascencia, A. (2024). Enzymic Activity, Metabolites, and Hematological Responses in High-Risk Newly Received Calves for “Clinical Health” Reference Intervals. Animals, 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162342

Chen, W., Geng, F., & Zhang, H. (2024). A study on the impact of digital economy development onbcarbon emission efficiency in crop production system − Empirical tests based onbmediation and threshold effects. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 32(6), 919–931. https://doi.org/10.12357/cjea.20230674

Chu, L., Gao, Z., Dang, S., Zhang, J., & Yu, Q. (2024). Optimization of Joint Scheduling for Automated Guided Vehicles and Unmanned Container Trucks at Automated Container Terminals Considering Conflicts. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12071190

Cohen, J. (n.d.). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences Second Edition.

Cruz, R. Y. B., Rodríguez, J. A. B., Carmenates, Y. A., de Jesús López Saucedo, F., Zamora, Y. M., & Martínez, R. D. (2025). Relevance of the Coal Mining Deposits and the Olmos Formation in NE Mexico to Geoheritage: Scientific, Geological and Educational Attributes that Highlight its Conservation. Geoheritage, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-025-01071-y

de Abrantes, L. (2024). Tourist seasonality and coastal landscape. A spatiotemporal ethnography of the seaside city of Villa Gesell. Revista Del Museo de Antropologia, 17(2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.31048/1852.4826.v17.n2.43063

Dobosi, L. (2024). The architectural parallels of the mausoleum of Iovia (Pannonia) revisited – Experimenting with the hexagon in late antique architecture. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 75(1), 73–95. https://doi.org/10.1556/072.2024.00010

Dong, B., Zhang, M., Wang, H., & Wu, J. (2025). Study on the interaction mechanism among spatial patterns of traditional villages and tourism attractiveness and accessibility in Guizhou province. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94514-z

Edwards, H. G. M., Nik Hassan, N. F., & Middleton, P. S. (2006). Anatase-a pigment in ancient artwork or a modern usurper? Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 384(6), 1356–1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0284-2 Explanation-of-Abraham-Accord-Using-Grounded-Theory-with-a GeopoliticalApproach_2024_Iranian-Association-of-Geopolitics. (n.d.).

Gössling, S., & Hall, C. M. (2006). Uncertainties in predicting tourist flows under scenarios of climate change. In Climatic Change (Vol. 79, Issues 3–4, pp. 163–173). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9081-y

Gouda Mohamed, A., Alqahtani, F. K., Ismail, E. R., & Nabawy, M. (2024). Synergizing BIM and Value Engineering in the Construction of Residential Projects: A Novel Integration Framework. Buildings, 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082515

Hallmann, C. A., Sorg, M., Jongejans, E., Siepel, H., Hofland, N., Schwan, H., Stenmans, W., Müller, A., Sumser, H., Hörren, T., Goulson, D., & De Kroon, H. (2017). More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas. PLoS ONE, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185809

Herrera, A. R., Alvarez, J., Restrepo, J., Herrera, C., Rodríguez, S., Escobar, C. A., Vásquez, R. E., & Sierra-Pérez, J. (2024). Damage Detection and Localization Methodology Based on Strain Measurements and Finite Element Analysis: Structural Health Monitoring in the Context of Industry 4.0. Aerospace, 11(9), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090708

Hof, A., & Blázquez-Salom, M. (2013). The linkages between real estate tourism and urban sprawl in Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Land, 2(2), 252–277. https://doi.org/10.3390/land2020252

Hsueh, S. L., Feng, Y., Sun, Y., Jia, R., & Yan, M. R. (2021). Using ai‐mcdm model to boost sustainable energy system development: A case study on solar energy and rainwater collection in guangdong province. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212505

Kajian Bali, -jurnal, Agung Bagus Bayu Anggawirya, A., Alam Paturusi, S., & Trimarianto, C. (n.d.). php/kajianbali Perkembangan Pemanfaatan Ruang di Desa Bongkasa Pertiwi Badung Bali Setelah Ditetapkannya sebagai Desa Wisata. http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.

Langle-Flores, A., Rossell, M. D., Chávez-Dagostino, R. M., & Aguilar-Rodríguez, A. (2025). Islas Marietas: strengthening polycentric governance in response to an MPA tourism ban. Anthropocene Coasts, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44218-025-00071-3

Li, C., Zhang, T., Du, X., Zhang, Y., & Xie, H. (2024). Generative AI models for different steps in architectural design: A literature review. In Frontiers of Architectural Research. KeAi Communications Co. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.10.001

Li, G., Li, B., Ju, M., & Zhang, Z. (2017). Discussion on Integrated Traffic Planning(ITP) of New Tourism Town upon Sustainable Development and Livable Request. Transportation Research Procedia, 25, 3398–3411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.231

Marín, L. M. R., Plata, E. C. A., Serra, D. J., Lopera, A. E. A., & Castro, D. A. C. (2024). Water science library: Nature-based solution to the hydrosocial cycle, La Honda neighborhood, MedellínColombia. Revista 180, 54, 100–126. https://doi.org/10.32995/rev180.Num-54.(2024).art1265

Neumann, M., Bremm, E. E., de Souza, A. M., de Oliveira, P. E. P., de Souza Sidor, F., Plodoviski, D. C., Karas, B. M. H., Skorei, M. R., & Ostrensky, A. (2024). Whole soy lecithin on productivity and carcass quality of feedlot cattle. Ciencia Animal Brasileira, 25. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v25e-76255E

Oswald, C., Kuchař, M., Fišer, J., Khol, M., Oswaldová, I., Simeunović, G., Vyhlídal, T., Robbiola, L., Brunet, M., Monticelli, C., Balbo, A., Chiavari, C., Martini, C., Bernardi, E., Guilminot, E., & Echinard, J. (2022a). Pollution and moisture infiltration effect assessment based on datadriven analysis for aircraft heritage protection. E3S Web of Conferences, 356. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602052

Oswald, C., Kuchař, M., Fišer, J., Khol, M., Oswaldová, I., Simeunović, G., Vyhlídal, T., Robbiola, L., Brunet, M., Monticelli, C., Balbo, A., Chiavari, C., Martini, C., Bernardi, E., Guilminot, E., & Echinard, J. (2022b). Pollution and moisture infiltration effect assessment based on datadriven analysis for aircraft heritage protection. E3S Web of Conferences, 356. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602052

Oswald, C., Kuchař, M., Fišer, J., Khol, M., Oswaldová, I., Simeunović, G., Vyhlídal, T., Robbiola, L., Brunet, M., Monticelli, C., Balbo, A., Chiavari, C., Martini, C., Bernardi, E., Guilminot, E., & Echinard, J. (2022c). Pollution and moisture infiltration effect assessment based on datadriven analysis for aircraft heritage protection. E3S Web of Conferences, 356. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602052

Pan, P., Zhang, R., Zhang, Y., & Li, H. (2024). Detecting Internal Defects in FRP-Reinforced Concrete Structures through the Integration of Infrared Thermography and Deep Learning. Materials, 17(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133350

Pilgreen, D. G., Cho, S. J., Zou, S. (Sharon), & Viren, P. P. (2024). The role of objective and subjective knowledge in tourists’ environmentally conscious travel decisions. Consumer Behavior in Tourism and Hospitality. https://doi.org/10.1108/CBTH-05-2024-0154

Rato-Martín, H., Méndez-García, B., Fernández-Cuesta, G., & Colina-Vuelta, A. (2020). Urban development of an industrial and regional service centre: Peñafiel (valladolid). Ciudad y Territorio Estudios Territoriales, 52(206), 753–776. https://doi.org/10.37230/CyTET.2020.206.03

Rauf, A., Shafiq, M. T., Khalfan, M. M. A., & Ulhaq, I. (2024). Sustainable water management in construction: life-cycle embodied water assessment of residential buildings. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 14(5), 682–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-06-2023-0102

Rillero, P., Jiménez-Silva, M., Short-Meyerson, K., & Rillero, K. M. (2025). From Seeds to Harvest in Seven Weeks: Project-Based Learning with Latina Girls and Their Parents. Education Sciences, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15020246

Rodríguez Gatta, D., Piriz Tapia, C., Tagle Schmidt, E., Luna Benavides, J., Vivar Jara, D., Moreno Celis, R., Tobar Carrizo, G., Vilaró Cáceres, J., Heydt, P., Banks, L. M., & Kuper, H. (2025). Inclusive health for people with disabilities in Chile: a national health system assessment. Health Research Policy and Systems, 23(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-024-01241-4

Rodríguez, M. D., Di Nicolo, C. A., & Aguirre, C. S. (2022). The creation of touristic cities as an update of the indigenous dispossession in the Andean area of Neuquén: Villa PehueniaMoquehue y Villa La Angostura (Argentina). Cuadernos Geograficos, 61(2), 44–60. https://doi.org/10.30827/cuadgeo.v61i2.23876

Shakhshir, K., & Sheta, W. (2024). The assessment of biophilic features in residential buildings: a case from Dubai. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, 18(2), 247–267. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-03-2023-0064

Su, Y., Hu, M., & Zhang, X. (2025). How Does Rural Resilience Affect Return Migration: Evidence from Frontier Regions in China. Systems, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020089

Tejedor Calvo, S., Cervi, L., & Romero-Rodríguez, L. M. (2024). Religious tourism: A Meta-analysis and state-of-the-art 2019-2023. PASOS Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 22(4), 843–856. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2024.22.054

Vannini, P., & Vannini, A. (2024). The creation of the Muraka, a Maldivian underwater hotel: A story of sea life, more-than-human architecture, and alloútopic tourism. Tourist Studies, 24(2), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687976241251437

Wang, S., Tian, Q., Chen, X., Zhang, Q., Deng, F., & Arif, M. (2024). Study of the evolving relationship between tourism development and cultural heritage landmarks in the eight Chengyang scenic villages in China. Ecological Indicators, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2024.112702

Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xu, Y., Jiang, Y., Gao, Y., & Leng, Y. (2023a). Determining How Historical Sites Create Value An Empirical Study on the Restorative Value of Two Pagoda Courtyards in Xi’an, China. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 11(2), 150–167. https://doi.org/10.14246/IRSPSD.11.2_150

Wang, S., Zhang, L., Xu, Y., Jiang, Y., Gao, Y., & Leng, Y. (2023b). Determining How Historical Sites Create Value An Empirical Study on the Restorative Value of Two Pagoda Courtyards in Xi’an, China. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 11(2), 150–167. https://doi.org/10.14246/IRSPSD.11.2_150

Weaver, A. (2021). Tourism, big data, and a crisis of analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2021.103158

Xia, H., Zhang, R., Yin, Y., Souvanhnachit, S., Lu, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, W., & Yu, H. (2025). Quantitative detection of β-glucans in Cordyceps species using a validated Congo red assay. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94217-5

Xie, Y., & Zhang, M. (2024). Synergy of higher education resources and digital infrastructure construction in China: Regional differences, dynamic evolution and trend forecasting. PLoS ONE, 19(6 June). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304613

Xu, X. W., Wu, X. X., Jiang, X. G., Xu, K. J., Ying, L. J., Ma, C. L., Li, S. B., Wang, H. Y., Zhang, S., Gao, H. N., Sheng, J. F., Cai, H. L., Qiu, Y. Q., & Li, L. J. (2020). Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective case series. The BMJ, 368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m606

Xue, C., Zheng, X., Zhang, B., & Yuan, Z. (2015). Evolution of a multidimensional architectural landscape under urban regeneration: A case study of Jinan, China. Ecological Indicators, 55, 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.02.036

Yan, S., Yu, X., Zhang, Z., & Gan, L. (2024). Understanding the acceptance of online tourism programs: Perspectives of generic learning outcomes and theory of planned behavior. Heliyon, 10(15).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35500

Yue, X., Xiong, X., Xu, X., & Zhang, M. (2024). Big data for furniture intelligent manufacturing: conceptual framework, technologies, applications, and challenges. In International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (Vol. 132, Issues 11–12, pp. 5231–5247). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170024-13719-0

Zhang, F., Sun, Z., & Chen, Q. (2024). Research on Interior Intelligent Design System Based On Image Generation Technology. Procedia Computer Science, 243, 690–699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.09.083

Zhang, H. (2024). Image acquisition based on computer vision technology for optimizing thermal energy in building environments and simulating VR interior design. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102961

Zhang, M., & Baek, J. (2023). Wang Shu’s promenade of strolling in shan-shui and its dialogue with Le Corbusier’s concept. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2023.2287713

Zhang, M., Bai, H., Wang, R., Zhao, Y., Yang, W., Liu, J., Zhang, Y., & Jiao, P. (2025). Impact of dietary lysophospholipids supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, and lipid metabolism in finishing bulls fed diets varying in fatty acid saturation. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-024-01138-w

Zhang, X., & Liu, Y. (2024). Application research of interior space design elements based on image processing. Procedia Computer Science, 243, 990–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.09.118

Zhang, Y., Li, G., Muskat, B., & Law, R. (2021). Tourism Demand Forecasting: A Decomposed Deep Learning Approach. Journal of Travel Research, 60(5), 981–997. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520919522

Zhang, Y., Xiang, X., Chen, K., & Xu, Z. (2024). An individuality-oriented interactive architectural system for children with emotional/behavioral disorders. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2024.06.004

Zhang, Z., Guo, Z., Zheng, H., Li, Z., & Yuan, P. F. (2024). Automated architectural spatial composition via multi-agent deep reinforcement learning for building renovation. Automation in Construction, 167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105702

Zhou, Z., Liu, H., Shan, L., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Kang, Z., Jiao, M., Hao, Y., Chen, Y., & Wu, Q. (2025). Medical insurance-related professionals’ identification of the benefits of the medical insurance system in Northeast China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-12273-z




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v8i2.81556

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 ahmad ghazy dananjaya

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.