Visual Perception of the Roof Shape of the Syekh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Grand Mosque

Abstract

This study aims to examine users' visual perceptions of the roof shape of the Syekh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Grand Mosque, focusing on the similarity of the gonjong roof shape that reflects the cultural identity of Minangkabau. This study departs from the understanding that architecture not only presents physical functions but also contains symbolic meanings and cultural values that can build emotional bonds between users and buildings. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach, so that the researcher attempts to understand the experiences, interpretations, and direct perceptions of users. The research question is how users perceive the roof shape of the Syekh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Grand Mosque. Data collection techniques were carried out through field observations, visual documentation, and questionnaires administered to 141 respondents representing the community. The theory used was Rudolf Arnheim's visual perception theory, which emphasizes that shape, color, proportion, structure, and visual expression are important factors in the human process of understanding and interpreting architectural objects. The results of the study show that the majority of respondents were able to recognize the gonjong shape as a symbol of Minangkabau culture. In addition, the shape, color, scale, proportion, and visual expression of the mosque roof were considered harmonious, reflecting traditional values while remaining modern and relevant. This perception also confirms the spiritual meaning and visual balance, so that the mosque roof functions not only as an aesthetic element but also as a medium of cultural communication that strengthens local identity.