Jurnal Pedagogik Pendidikan Dasar with registered number ISSN 2776-2467 (online) and ISSN 2337-4543 (print), is an open access and peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes different kinds of scientific articles based on the research-article and ideas-article. All topics that we received only articles relating to elementary school fields. For research category, articles can be written using quantitative and qualitative approaches, and can be made in a variety of research designs, such as action research, experiments, and case studies. This journal was published since 2013 twice a year every Juni and November and published by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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Teacher Agency in the Development of Integrated Science Curriculum: A Case Study in Elementary School
The development of a STEAM integrated science curriculum within the Merdeka Curriculum demands a high level of teacher agency because teachers play a direct role in translating curriculum policies into classroom learning practices. This study aims to analyse the agency of classroom teavhers in the development of STEAM integrated science curriculum, including their perceptions, teaching, and the challenges and supporting factors for its implementation. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. The research subject is one elementary school teacher who has implemented STEAM based science learning. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, classroom observation, reflective questionnaires, and analysis of learning documents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and coclusion drawing, with data validity maintained through source and technique triangulation. The research findings indicate that teachers have a positive perceptions of STEAM integration and demonstrate strong agency through autonomy in adapting the curriculum, developing contextual teaching modules, and implementing project-based learning and simple experiments. However, the implementation of STEAM still faces obstacles such as limited facilities, time, and conceptual understanding of STEAM. The conclusion of this study confirms that the success of integrated STEAM science curriculum development is highly influenced by teacher agency, supported by curriculum flexibility, professional collaboration, and technological support
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Analysis Of Teacher Strategies In Improving Student Discipline In Grade IV Elementary School
Discipline is an essential character value that should be developed from the elementary school level; however, discipline-related problems are still commonly found in schools. This study aims to examine teachers’ strategies in improving and maintaining discipline among fourth-grade elementary school students. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, involving teachers as primary participants and students as supporting participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and document analysis and validated using triangulation techniques. The findings indicate that teachers promote discipline through role modeling, habituation, persuasive communication, rewards, educational punishment, and consistent adaptive rule enforcement. These strategies contribute to the development of student discipline and support a conducive classroom environment.
Content Analysis of Dambus Goes Digital on the TikTok Platform as a Learning Medium for Arts, Culture, and Crafts in Elementary Schools
The development of digital technology has influenced learning practices in elementary schools, particularly through the use of social media as learning media. TikTok, which is commonly associated with entertainment content, has potential to be utilized as a contextual learning medium that aligns with the characteristics of elementary school students. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and educational content of Dambus Goes Digital on the TikTok platform and examine its potential as a learning medium for Arts, Culture, and Crafts (SBdP) in elementary schools. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. The research object consisted of Dambus Goes Digital video content uploaded on TikTok, which was analyzed based on audiovisual presentation, cultural messages, and relevance to SBdP learning objectives. Data were collected through observation and digital documentation and analyzed using the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that Dambus Goes Digital content can be classified into three main categories, namely Playing Dambus, Learning Dambus Together, and Dambus News. These content categories contain elements of musical arts, local cultural values of Bangka Belitung, and audiovisual presentations that are relevant to SBdP learning objectives in elementary schools. The study concludes that social media–based local cultural content has strong potential as an alternative and complementary learning medium, particularly for introducing traditional music and local culture through a digital approach in elementary education.
The Effectiveness of Using Audio Visual Media on Elementary School Students’ Creative Thinking Skills
The focus of this study was the low level of creative thinking skills among fifth-grade elementary school students and the lack of use of varied instructional media, particularly audio-visual media. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using audio-visual media on students' creative thinking skills in fifth-grade elementary school learning. The method used in this study was a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The study used a non-probability sampling technique, specifically saturated sampling. The population consisted of 44 students, namely all fifth-grade students. Data were collected using test techniques in the form of essay questions and non-test techniques in the form of observation. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The results of the study showed that audio-visual media were effective in improving elementary school students' creative thinking skills because they were able to produce both audio and visual elements simultaneously.
Tatanen di Bale Atikan and Ecological Citizenship Education: A Conceptual Analysis Based on Literature Review
This article presents a review of the Tatanen program at Bale Atikan and Ecological Citizenship Education (Civic Education) through a literature review methodology. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the conceptual link between the Tatanen program at Bale Atikan and the Ecological Citizenship Education paradigm. The issue raised concerns Citizenship Education (PKn) learning, which is still oriented toward cognitive and normative issues, thus lacking civic experiences capable of fostering an attitude of ecological responsibility. The results of the literature review indicate that TdBA (Civic Education) is capable of developing an attitude of responsibility towards nature, collective awareness, social participation, and environmental ethics, aligned with a direct, experiential learning approach. Therefore, this study confirms that the integration of Tatanen at Bale Atikan and Ecological Citizenship Education has conceptual merit that can be developed as an innovation in Civics learning in Indonesia. However, because this research is a literature review, further empirical research is needed to test the effectiveness of the Tatanen program at Bale Atikan in shaping students' ecological citizenship awareness, attitudes, and behaviors at various educational levels and contexts. This article presents a literature-based conceptual analysis of the Tatanen di Bale Atikan (TdBA) program and its relationship to Ecological Citizenship Education (Civic Education/PKn). The primary objective is to analyze the conceptual linkages between the TdBA program and the ecological citizenship paradigm. The central problem addressed is that current Civic Education learning in Indonesian schools remains predominantly cognitively and normatively oriented, lacking civic experiences capable of fostering genuine ecological responsibility. Through a systematic literature review of accredited and non-accredited Indonesian journals published between 2019 and 2025, the findings indicate that TdBA effectively cultivates responsibility toward nature, collective awareness, social participation, and environmental ethics, all of which align with a direct, experiential learning approach. The literature further confirms that TdBA possesses strong conceptual merit as an ecological civics laboratory, serving as a pedagogical bridge between theoretical ecological citizenship principles and contextual, locally-grounded learning practices. This study therefore affirms that the integration of Tatanen di Bale Atikan and Ecological Citizenship Education constitutes a conceptually valid and promising innovation for Civic Education in Indonesia. However, because this research is a literature review, further empirical studies are needed to test the effectiveness of TdBA in shaping ecological citizenship awareness, attitudes, and behaviors at various educational levels and contexts.
The Influence of Learning Models Windows Shopping To Critical Thinking Skills of Students in the Science Subject of Grade IV at SDN 2 Marga Agung
Critical thinking skills among elementary school students remain relatively low, as indicated by the dominance of conventional teacher-centered learning and limited student engagement in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Windows Shopping learning model on the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students in science (IPAS). The study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of two groups: an experimental class treated with the Windows Shopping model and a control class receiving conventional instruction. Data were collected through pretest and posttest, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and independent sample t-test. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups, with a significance value of 0.000 (< 0.05), and a higher mean improvement in the experimental group. In conclusion, the Windows Shopping learning model is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills. The implications of this study highlight the importance of implementing interactive and activity-based learning models to foster critical thinking skills in elementary education.
The Effect of the ALBICI Model Assisted by Handouts in Improving the Understanding of Mathematics Concepts in Grade IV at MIN 5 Bandar Lampung
Learning mathematics at school base Still face challenge in increase understanding draft students , as indicated by the low Indonesia's achievements in TIMSS 2019 and PISA 2022. Conditions This reinforced by the results pre research in class IV MIN 5 Bandar Lampung which showed 100% of students Not yet achieve KKTP and low achievements in each indicator understanding concept . Research This aim For know the influence of the ALBICI (Active Learning Based Interactive Conceptual Instructions) model assisted by handouts on understanding draft mathematics students . The method used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using experimental and control groups. Data collection techniques were carried out through concept understanding tests that had been tested for validity and reliability, then analyzed using statistical tests. The results of the study showed that there was a significant increase in the understanding of mathematical concepts of students who learned using the ALBICI model assisted by handouts compared to conventional learning. This model is able to encourage activeness, interaction, and help students build concepts independently through contextual media support. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the ALBICI model assisted by handouts is effective in improving the understanding of mathematical concepts of elementary school students.
The Effect of Augmented Reality-Assisted Student Worksheets on Students Conceptual Understanding in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) Class IV Elementary School Students
The problem in this study was the low conceptual understanding of fourth-grade students at SDN 11 Metro Pusat. This study aims to determine the effect of using augmented reality-assisted worksheets (LKPD) on students' conceptual understanding. This research method was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. The population was selected using purposive sampling, with 63 students and a sample size of 46 students. Data collection was conducted using tests and non-test techniques in the form of observation sheets. Hypothesis testing used simple linear regression with the calculated F result > F table, namely 34.640 > 4.32 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, it can be seen that there is a significant influence on the use of LKPD assisted by augmented reality on students' understanding of concepts in the subject of science in grade IV of SDN 11 Metro Pusat.
The Effect of the Project Based Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom Media on Learning Outcomes and Numeracy Skills of Elementary School Students
This research is motivated by the low mathematics learning outcomes and numeracy skills of students at SDN 8 Talang Ubi, which is caused by the learning process that is still conventional and less contextual. The purpose of this study is to test and analyze the effectiveness of the PjBL model integrated with local wisdom media in the form of the traditional game of Snakes and Ladders in improving learning outcomes and numeracy skills of fifth grade students. The research method used is quantitative with a Quasi-Experimental design in the form of a Non-equivalent Control Group Design. The results showed that there was a significant influence of the application of the local wisdom-based PjBL model on learning outcomes and numeracy skills. The average post-test score of the experimental class' learning outcomes (89.26) was much higher than the control class (69.63), with an N-Gain Score effectiveness of 76.87% (effective category). In the numeracy ability variable, the experimental class achieved an average of 86.30 with an N-Gain Score of 80.31% (effective category). Qualitative data supports these findings by showing students' affective achievement in the "Very Good" category (87.41) and psychomotor in the "Very Skilled" category (87.78). The conclusion of this study is that the local wisdom-based PjBL model is effectively able to improve the learning outcomes and numeracy skills of elementary school students through more meaningful, interactive learning, and rooted in local culture.
Strategies Employed by Indonesian Language Teachers in Improving the Reading Skills of First Grade Students at SDN 21 Tegineneng
This study aims to describe the strategies employed by Indonesian language teachers in improving the reading skills of first grade students at SDN 21 Tegineneng. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection techniques consisting of observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings revealed that the teacher systematically designed learning strategies through the preparation of teaching modules, the selection of methods such as read-aloud and spelling techniques, as well as the use of instructional media in the form of word cards and pictures. The learning process was implemented gradually by actively involving students through shared reading activities and individual practice. Students’ responses to the learning activities tended to be positive, as indicated by increased participation and interest in reading, although reading abilities remained varied. The challenges encountered included differences in students’ abilities, low learning motivation, and limited parental support. The teacher addressed these challenges through individual guidance, the use of concrete instructional media, and the provision of motivation. The findings of this study emphasize that adaptive and contextual learning strategies play an important role in improving students’ early reading skills
Analysis of KAMIBAJA (Thursday Interest in Talent and Identity) Activities in Instilling Humanitarian and Unity Values in Elementary School Students
This study aims to analyze the implementation of KAMIBAJA (Thursday, Interest, Talent, and Personality) activities in instilling humanitarian and unity values among elementary school students. This research was motivated by the need to strengthen character education through meaningful and experiential learning. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach at Sekaran 01 Elementary School, Semarang, involving the principal, teachers, and students as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings indicate that KAMIBAJA activities were implemented through structured stages, including planning, grouping based on student interests, activity implementation, and reflection. These activities effectively fostered humanitarian values such as empathy, respect, social awareness, and fair treatment, as well as unifying values including cooperation, tolerance, togetherness, and a sense of belonging. However, several challenges were identified, such as variations in student participation, limited time allocation, and the need for optimal teacher facilitation. The study concluded that KAMIBAJA activities serve as an effective experiential learning model in supporting character education and contributing to students' holistic development.
The Effect of The Cooperative Learning Model Type Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) In the IPAS Subject on the Critical Thinking Skills of Fourth Grade Elementary School Students
This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the Cooperative Learning model of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) type on students' critical thinking skills in the IPAS subject for fourth-grade elementary school students. The problem addressed is the low level of critical thinking skills at East Metro 4 Public Elementary School, where only 24%–39% of students achieved the minimum learning target (KKTP). A quasi-experimental method with a Non equivalent Control Group Design was used with 57 students as samples: 28 in the experimental class (STAD) and 29 in the control class (CTL). Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests. The Mann-Whitney post-test showed a significance value of 0.009 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between classes. N-Gain analysis showed 17.82% improvement (low category) in the experimental class and 30.08% (medium category) in the control class, confirming that the STAD model significantly influences students' critical thinking skills.
The Influence of the Inquiry Based Learning on the Learning Outcomes (Cognitive, Affective and Psychomotor) of Elementary School Students
IPAS learning in elementary schools played an important role in developing students’ critical thinking, attitudes, and skills. This research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 5 Kawan Bangli, which were influenced by the dominance of conventional teaching methods that tended to make students passive during the learning process. The study aimed to determine the effect of the inquiry based learning on students’ learning outcomes in IPAS subjects. This study employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects consisted of an experimental class taught using the inquiry based learning and a control class taught using conventional learning methods. Data were collected through cognitive tests as well as observations for affective and psychomotor aspects. The collected data were analyzed using the Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students in the experimental class and those in the control class. This finding was indicated by a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 and a higher mean score achieved by the experimental class compared to the control class. Therefore, it was concluded that the inquiry based learning significantly affected the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students in IPAS subjects at SD Negeri 5 Kawan Bangli
Analysis of The Validity Level of The Pohon Tempel Rakit Media to Improve The Learning Outcomes of Fouth Grade Elementary School Students
This study aims to analyze the validity level of the Pohon Tempel Rakit learning media on the topic of plant parts and their functions to improve the learning outcomes of fourth-grade elementary school students. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a 4-D development model, which consists of the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The research subjects included media experts, material experts, and language experts who acted as validators of the developed product. Data were collected through a validation questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques. The results showed that the media validity score reached 96% and was categorized as very valid, the material validity score reached 84% and was categorized as very valid, and the language validity score reached 68% and was categorized as valid. These findings indicate that the Pohon Tempel Rakit learning media meets the requirements in terms of design, content, and language. Therefore, the media is considered suitable for use in the learning process and has the potential to increase student engagement, conceptual understanding, and learning outcomes on the topic of plant parts and their functions.
Development of Solar System Pop-Up Book Learning Media to Increase Students' Learning Motivation in Class VI B of SDN Jatisari
This study was conducted with the aim of developing a Pop-Up Book learning medium on the Solar System for the lesson “Exploring the Universe,” determining the medium’s suitability, and assessing improvements in student motivation and learning outcomes after the medium was implemented in the classroom. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) based on the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study was conducted at Jatisari Public Elementary School with a sample of 9 students in the small-group pilot test and 27 students in the large-group pilot test. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, questionnaires, as well as pretest and posttest. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive techniques, validity and reliability tests, normality tests, paired sample t-tests, and N-Gain tests. The research results show that the Solar System Pop-Up Book media received a media expert validation score of 96% and a subject matter expert validation score of 89%, with an overall average of 92.5%, which falls into the “highly acceptable” category. The student questionnaire results yielded a score of 93%, teacher feedback was 97.3%, and student learning motivation was 93%, all falling into the “very good” category. Meanwhile, the N-Gain test results showed an average of 0.6884 in the small-scale trial and 0.6593 in the large-scale trial, falling into the moderate category. Based on these results, the Solar System Pop-Up Book medium is deemed suitable and sufficiently effective for use in IPAS learning because it is capable of helping to increase student motivation and learning outcomes through more engaging, active, and interactive learning activities.
Development of Formative Assesment Instrument Based on Zep Quiz On Students’ Learning Motivation in Subjects IPAS Grade IV of Ciwaru 1 Public Elementary School
The implementation of IPAS formative assessments in the fourth grade at SD Negeri 1 Ciwaru is still dominated by conventional methods, such as the use of worksheets and oral questioning. This results in low student motivation, passive classroom participation, and an average student score (70) that has not yet reached the minimum passing grade (75). This study aims to develop a valid and effective Zep Quiz-based formative assessment instrument to improve student motivation in the subject “My Rules and Responsibilities.” The method used is Research and Development (R&D) based on the Borg and Gall development model. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The validation test results showed that this instrument was categorized as “Highly Valid” with a percentage of 93% from media experts, 94% from learning evaluation experts, and 90%. The use of the Zep Quiz-based formative assessment instrument has proven effective in providing rapid feedback, streamlining the evaluation process, and making a positive contribution to enhancing students’ learning motivation and conceptual understanding of IPAS in an interactive manner in the digital age.
Utilization of Digital Puzzle Media in Frog Metamorphosis Material for Third Grade Elementary School Students
Technological developments in education demand innovation in learning media, especially in elementary schools. This research is motivated by students' suboptimal understanding of frog metamorphosis, lack of interest in learning, and suboptimal use of learning media. The purpose of this study is to describe the use of digital puzzle media in frog metamorphosis material for teachers and third-grade students at SDN 1 Wonokerto to help improve material understanding. This study applies a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The results show that the use of digital puzzles has a positive impact on both teachers and students. Teachers are more assisted in presenting material contextually and are able to create a more active learning atmosphere. Meanwhile, students become more interested, actively participate, and more quickly understand the stages of frog metamorphosis. This media also enhances the fun learning atmosphere through the activity of assembling digital puzzles that are challenging and not boring. Thus, digital puzzles can be used as an alternative effective learning media, while encouraging collaboration between teachers and students in creating a more meaningful learning process.
The Implementation of the STAD Cooperative Learning Model to Improve Long Division Skills Among Sixth-Grade Students at SDN Dlemer 1
This study aims to improve the long multiplication skills of sixth-grade students at SDN Dlemer 1 through the application of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning model supported by instructional media. This study employed the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, conducted over two cycles, with 32 sixth-grade students as the research subjects. Each cycle included the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, achievement tests, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods by calculating the percentage of learning activities and student achievement in each cycle. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the STAD Cooperative Learning model supported by learning media is effective in enhancing student learning activities and outcomes. Student learning activities improved across various aspects, such as attention, engagement, cooperation, participation, presentation skills, comprehension, and independent learning. Additionally, the rate of mastery of learning outcomes increased from 56% in Cycle I to 72% in Cycle II. This improvement occurred because the STAD model encourages students to learn collaboratively through group discussions and individual responsibility, while the learning media helps students understand the steps of long multiplication as applied to calculating the volume of a cube in a more concrete way. Thus, the STAD-type Cooperative Learning model, supported by learning media, can serve as an effective alternative for teaching mathematics to enhance the engagement and learning outcomes of elementary school students.
Validation of a Picture Storybook Learning Medium for Teaching Fact and Opinion Sentences in Indonesian Language Learning Among Second-Grade Elementary School Students
This study aims to examine the validity of a picture storybook as a learning medium for teaching fact and opinion sentences in Indonesian language learning for second-grade elementary school students. The study was motivated by students’ low ability to distinguish between fact and opinion sentences, as well as the limited use of instructional media that effectively attract students’ interest and accommodate their learning needs. This research employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, which consists of the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate stages. The participants were 15 second-grade students from Ronggomulyo 4 Public Elementary School. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and validation questionnaires administered to media experts, subject-matter experts, and language experts. The validation results showed that the media expert assessment achieved a score of 96%, categorized as highly valid. The subject-matter expert assessment obtained a score of 98%, also categorized as highly valid, while the language expert assessment achieved a score of 66%, categorized as moderately valid. Based on these validation results, the picture storybook was considered suitable for use in Indonesian language learning, particularly in teaching fact and opinion sentences. The developed media is expected to enhance students’ understanding, foster reading interest, and promote a more active, engaging, and enjoyable learning environment.
Analysis of the Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in the Use of Interactive Teaching Materials to Improve the Competence of Elementary School Teachers in Kudus
This study seeks to examine how the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in developing interactive teaching materials contributes to the enhancement of elementary school teachers’ pedagogical competencies. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving five public elementary schools in the Barongan District of Kudus City. Data collection techniques included interviews, Likert-scale questionnaires, and passive participant observation. The data were analyzed using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña interactive model. The findings reveal that the utilization of AI-based platforms—such as ChatGPT, Gemini, Canva, Quizizz, Kahoot, Wordwall, and AssemblrEDU—significantly supports teachers in creating instructional materials that are more efficient, innovative, and engaging for students. Despite a general acknowledgment of AI’s benefits among teachers, variations in their levels of proficiency and understanding were observed, which are largely influenced by factors such as age and teaching experience. Key challenges identified in this study include limited technological infrastructure, particularly the availability of Chromebooks, interactive flat panels (IFPs), and inconsistent internet connectivity. In conclusion, the study highlights that improving teachers’ digital literacy and strengthening technological infrastructure are essential factors in maximizing the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in elementary education.
The Effect of Using Book Creator Media on Students’ Learning Interest in Indonesian Language Learning at the Elementary School Level
This study aims to determine the effect of using digital learning media with Book Creator on students’ learning interest in Indonesian language subjects at the elementary school level. This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental method using a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 26 students as research subjects. Data were collected through questionnaires administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) the treatment and analyzed using normality tests and paired sample t-tests. The results showed that the mean score of the pretest was 74.65, while the posttest mean score increased to 103.03, indicating an improvement of 28.38 points. The normality test results indicated that the data were normally distributed, with significance values of 0.192 for the pretest and 0.291 for the posttest. Furthermore, the paired sample t-test showed a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of < 0.001 < 0.05, indicating a highly significant difference between pretest and posttest results. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of digital learning media using Book Creator is effective in increasing students’ learning interest in Indonesian language learning at the elementary school level.
The Effect of Principal Instructional Leadership on Elementary School Teacher Teaching Performance through the Digitalization of Learning
This study aims to analyze the influence of principal instructional leadership on the teaching performance of elementary school teachers through the digitalization of learning as a mediating variable in Purwakarta District. This research was conducted to address the phenomenal gap regarding teachers' low adaptation to digital technology in the learning process, as well as to fill the theoretical gap related to the integration of instructional leadership and the utilization of digital technology in improving teaching quality. The research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method and a correlational design. The population consists of 237 teachers, with a sample of 150 respondents selected using the proportional random sampling technique. Data were collected via a Likert scale questionnaire (1–5) and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) assisted by SmartPLS through measurement model and structural model testing. The results indicate that teacher teaching performance is in the "good" category. Instructional leadership has a significant positive effect on teaching performance by 31.2%, while the digitalization of learning contributes an indirect influence of 28.4%. Simultaneously, both variables explain 42.5% of the variation in teacher teaching performance, with a model fit level that meets the SRMR requirements. These findings offer novelty in the form of a teaching performance reinforcement model through the mediation of learning digitalization, which connects the principal's instructional leadership with teacher teaching practices. The limitation of this research lies in its narrow geographical scope, which is limited to a single district; therefore, it is recommended that future research expand the research locus to allow for broader generalization of the results.
The Impact of TikTok Social Media Use on Changes in Students' Social Behavior at SMPN 2 Rawamerta
This study aims to analyze the impact of TikTok social media use on changes in students' social behavior at SMPN 2 Rawamerta and to describe the school's efforts to address these changes. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. The research subjects consisted of the Vice Principal for Student Affairs, a Civics Education teacher, and an eighth-grade student, selected purposively based on their relevance to the research focus. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that TikTok influences students' social behavior, particularly in the use of viral language, communication ethics, learning focus, cooperation, empathy, and peer interaction. Some students tend to imitate expressions, jokes, or trends from TikTok, which may affect their manners and discipline at school. The school responds to these issues through restrictions on mobile phone use, student guidance, digital literacy, character education, educational sanctions, and cooperation with parents. This study concludes that TikTok has both positive and negative impacts, but its negative influence can be minimized through consistent guidance and character-based digital literacy.
An Exploration of Internal and External Factors Contributing to Reading Difficulties Among Sixth-Grade Elementary School Students
Reading is a fundamental skill that serves as the foundation for students’ overall academic success. However, reading difficulties are still found among upper-grade elementary school students who should already have mastered basic or early reading skills. This study aims to identify the internal and external factors that influence the reading difficulties experienced by a sixth-grade elementary school student. This study employed a case study approach, with the classroom teacher and the student’s parents serving as supporting informants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participatory observation, and open-ended questionnaires, which were then analyzed using methodological triangulation. The results indicate that the internal factors most influential on the student’s reading difficulties are cognitive aspects (memory and concentration) and psychological aspects (low self-confidence and anxiety), accompanied by the student’s low intrinsic motivation to read. Meanwhile, external factors were dominated by limited parental support and a lack of reading habits at home, the absence of specialized programs, limited time for intensive tutoring at school, and a social environment that has not yet fostered a strong culture of literacy. These internal and external factors interact to contribute to the reading difficulties experienced by students. It is hoped that these findings will provide insights for teachers, parents, and schools in designing more comprehensive and collaborative learning strategies or interventions to address the reading difficulties experienced by an upper-grade elementary school student.
The Impact of Angklung Extracurricular Activities on the Development of Fine Motor Skills in Elementary School Students
Fine motor skills are still a major concern in elementary education. The background of the study is based on the lack of studies that highlight the role of angklung art in children's fine motor skills. This study aims to analyze the implementation of angklung extracurricular activities in developing fine motor skills of elementary school students. The methodology used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation data collection techniques with observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation guidelines that have been validated by experts. The research sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique of ten Phase A students in grades 1 and 2 at SDN 212 Harapan who were members of the angklung beginner team with several specific criteria. The results of data processing and analysis found in this study indicate that angklung activities can improve hand-eye coordination, finger strength, and movement accuracy through multisensory activities that integrate audio aspects (listening to musical accompaniment), visual (seeing instructions from the trainer), and kinesthetic (processing audio-visual information into hand and finger movements when playing the angklung). Thus, angklung extracurricular activities can be a strategic alternative in supporting the holistic development of fine motor skills in elementary school students