Addition of Blood Flow Restriction in Squat Exercises to Increase the Strength of Quadriceps Muscle Groups

Arif Pristianto, Alifia Putri Latifah, Taufik Eko Susilo

Abstract


The quadriceps muscle group is important for daily activities and generating power during sports, especially sports involving the lower extremities. Squat is an effective exercise to increase the strength of the quadriceps muscle group. The Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) can increase the load during exercise leading to a significant increase in strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding BFR in squat exercises to increase MVIC values in the quadriceps muscle group. This research was a pilot study using an experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The samples of this study were 11 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The samples were divided into two groups. Group 1 involved 5 respondents given a squat training with BFR, while group 2 involved 6 respondents given a squat training without BFR. The measurement of muscle strength was carried out using SEMG with the MVIC method. The result of the effect test using the paired sample t-test in group 1 obtained p-values of rectus femoris (0.018), vastus medial (0.030), and vastus lateral (0.014). The test of group 2 gained p-values of rectus femoris (0.141), vastus medial (0.034), and vastus lateral (0.04). The result of independent t-test for the different effects of the test obtained p-values of the rectus femoris (0.885), vastus medial (0.211), and vastus lateral (0.404). It concludes that squat training with BFR could significantly increase the strength of the quadriceps muscle group. Meanwhile, the squat exercise without BFR did not significantly increase the strength of the rectus femoris muscle but there was a significant muscle strength on the vastus lateral and medial muscle. There was no significant difference in the effect of squat with BFR and squat without BFR.

Keywords


Blood Flow Restriction, BFR, MVIC, Squat, Quadriceps

Full Text:

PDF

References


Borde, R., Hortobágyi, T., & Granacher, U. (2015). Dose–response relationships of resistance training in healthy old adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 45, 1693-1720.

Bordoni, B., & Varacallo, M. (2018). Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, thigh quadriceps muscle.

Cook, C. J., Kilduff, L. P., & Beaven, C. M. (2014). Improving strength and power in trained athletes with 3 weeks of occlusion training. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 9(1), 166-172.

da Silva, J. J., Schoenfeld, B. J., Marchetti, P. N., Pecoraro, S. L., Greve, J. M., & Marchetti, P. H. (2017). Muscle activation differs between partial and full back squat exercise with external load equated. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1688-1693.

Delgado, J., Drinkwater, E. J., Banyard, H. G., Haff, G. G., & Nosaka, K. (2019). Comparison between back squat, Romanian deadlift, and barbell hip thrust for leg and hip muscle activities during hip extension. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(10), 2595-2601.

Early, K. S., Rockhill, M., Bryan, A., Tyo, B., Buuck, D., & McGinty, J. (2020). Effect of blood flow restriction training on muscular performance, pain and vascular function. International journal of sports physical therapy, 15(6), 892.

Ema, R., Sakaguchi, M., Akagi, R., & Kawakami, Y. (2016). Unique activation of the quadriceps femoris during single-and multi-joint exercises. European journal of applied physiology, 116, 1031-1041.

Esbjörnsson, M. E., Dahlström, M. S., Gierup, J. W., & Jansson, E. C. (2021). Muscle fiber size in healthy children and adults in relation to sex and fiber types. Muscle & Nerve, 63(4), 586-592.

Hody, S., Croisier, J. L., Bury, T., Rogister, B., & Leprince, P. (2019). Eccentric muscle contractions: risks and benefits. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 442082.

Hwangbo, P. N. (2015). The effects of squatting with visual feedback on the muscle activation of the vastus medialis oblique and the vastus lateralis in young adults with an increased quadriceps angle. Journal of physical therapy science, 27(5), 1507-1510.

Illera-Domínguez, V., Nuell, S., Carmona, G., Padullés, J. M., Padullés, X., Lloret, M., ... & Cadefau, J. A. (2018). Early functional and morphological muscle adaptations during short-term inertial-squat training. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 1265.

Johnston, T. E., Baskins, T. A., Koppel, R. V., Oliver, S. A., Stieber, D. J., & Hoglund, L. T. (2017). The influence of extrinsic factors on knee biomechanics during cycling: a systematic review of the literature. International journal of sports physical therapy, 12(7), 1023.

Kojic, F., Ðurić, S., Ranisavljev, I., Stojiljkovic, S., & Ilic, V. (2021). Quadriceps femoris cross-sectional area and specific leg strength: Relationship between different muscles and squat variations. PeerJ, 9, e12435.

Leblanc, A., Taylor, B. A., Thompson, P. D., Capizzi, J. A., Clarkson, P. M., Michael White, C., & Pescatello, L. S. (2015). Relationships between physical activity and muscular strength among healthy adults across the lifespan. Springerplus, 4, 1-10.

Lee, J. H., Kim, S., Heo, J., Park, D. H., & Chang, E. (2022). Differences in the muscle activities of the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings while performing various squat exercises. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 12.

Lee, S. Y., & Jo, M. E. (2016). Comparison of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the biceps on various posture and respiration conditions for normalization of electromyography data. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(11), 3007-3010.

Li, Y., Ko, J., Walker, M. A., Brown, C. N., Schmidt, J. D., Kim, S. H., & Simpson, K. J. (2018). Does chronic ankle instability influence lower extremity muscle activation of females during landing?. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 38, 81-87.

Mangine, G. T., Hoffman, J. R., Gonzalez, A. M., Townsend, J. R., Wells, A. J., Jajtner, A. R., ... & Stout, J. R. (2015). The effect of training volume and intensity on improvements in muscular strength and size in resistance‐trained men. Physiological reports, 3(8), e12472.

Muehlbauer, T., Gollhofer, A., & Granacher, U. (2015). Associations between measures of balance and lower-extremity muscle strength/power in healthy individuals across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 45, 1671-1692.

Naufal, A. F., Khasanah, D. A., & Noviyana, U. (2019). Hubungan Derajat Quadriceps Angle Dengan Patella Femoral Pain. FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences, 1(1), 29-34.

Nooryana, S., Rahayu, U. B., & Pristianto, A. (2022). Edukasi Fisioterapi Dan Terapi Latihan Untuk Mengurangi Keluhan Nyeri Lutut Pada Wanita Menopause Di Desa Klewor Kecamatan Kemusu. To Maega: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(3), 355-364.

Patterson, S. D., Hughes, L., Warmington, S., Burr, J., Scott, B. R., Owens, J., ... & Loenneke, J. (2019). Blood flow restriction exercise: considerations of methodology, application, and safety. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 448053.

Pristianto, A., Nadeputri, A. E. S. M., Susilo, T. E., & Santoso, T. B. (2024). Pilot Study: Different Leg Muscle Activation When Walking on Stable, Unstable & Slippery Floors:(Parameters Using Surface Electromyograph). FISIO MU: Physiotherapy Evidences, 5(1).

Pristianto, A., Wijianto, & Rahman, F. (2018). Terapi Latihan Dasar. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.

Ribeiro, A. S., Santos, E. D., Nunes, J. P., Nascimento, M. A., Graça, Á., Bezerra, E. S., & Mayhew, J. L. (2023). A brief review on the effects of the squat exercise on lower-limb muscle hypertrophy. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 45(1), 58-66.

Rodriguez-Rossell, D., Mora-Custodio, R., & Franco-Márquez, F. (2016). Yanez-Garcia JM, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ. Traditional vs. sport-specific jump tests: reliability, validity and relationship with leg strength and sprint performance in adult and teen soccer and basketball players. J Strength Cond Res, 31, 196-206.

Saputra, D. B., Perdana, S. S., & Abdurrasyid, A. (2022). Pengaruh Penambahan Program Blood Flow Restriction Training Pada Pasien Post Operasi Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Fase 1: Case Report. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Fisioterapi, 98-106.

Scali, K., Roberts, J., McFarland, M., Marino, K., & Murray, L. (2018). Is multi-joint or single joint strengthening more effective in reducing pain and improving function in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome? A systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of sports physical therapy, 13(3), 321.

Schoenfeld, B. J., Peterson, M. D., Ogborn, D., Contreras, B., & Sonmez, G. T. (2015). Effects of low-vs. high-load resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy in well-trained men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2954-2963.

Slysz, J., Stultz, J., & Burr, J. F. (2016). The efficacy of blood flow restricted exercise: A systematic review & meta-analysis. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 19(8), 669-675.

Wilk, M., Krzysztofik, M., Gepfert, M., Poprzecki, S., Gołaś, A., & Maszczyk, A. (2018). Technical and training related aspects of resistance training using blood flow restriction in competitive sport-a review. Journal of human kinetics, 65(1), 249-260.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v9i1.68251

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Arif Pristianto, Alifia Putri Latifah, Taufik Eko Susilo

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web
statistics

View My Stats