The Attitude of Adolescent Smoking Man: Who Are in Social Smoker?

. Smoking behavior in adolescents should be prevented. It is necessary to have supporting factors, which can lead a teenager to behave positively, namely not smoking. This research is motivated by the existence of adolescents who do not fall into promiscuity, namely smoking, even though the surrounding environment is an active smoker. In this study, there are three things you want to know: a) the values and norms applied by the family to non-smoking adolescents, b) the condition of the friendship environment that is built on adolescents who do not smoke, c) ownership of pocket money in shaping adolescent non-smoking attitudes. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. The research data collection was obtained using observation, interviews, and documentation to reveal the non-smoking attitude of male adolescents who were in a smoker's social environment. Participants involved in this study were 7 adolescents with a vulnerable age of 13-16 years. The results of this study illustrate that the cultivation of good values and norms by the family to non-smoking adolescents also produces good attitudes when dealing with society, especially when hanging out with their friends. His friends really appreciate the decision not to smoke, because not smoking is a good attitude. Ownership of an allowance does not affect the decision to not smoke, because non-smoking adolescents already have the intention and principle of not smoking even though the allowance given by their parents is large.


A. INTRODUCTION
The role of attitude in human life is very large.Attitude formation does not happen by itself or at random.Its formation always takes place in human interaction, and with regard to certain objects.Social interactions within the group or outside the group can change attitudes or form new attitudes.Other factors that also play a role are internal factors within the human person, namely his own selectivity, his own choice, or his interests to accept and process the influences that come from outside himself.And these internal factors are also determined by the motives and other attitudes which are already present in the person.So in the formation and change of attitudes there are internal factors and individual external factors that play a role.
In the social environment, adolescents are required to be able to follow every development.Most teenagers are willing to follow the demands of these peers in a group in order to be accepted and join the group.The strong influence of peer groups in adolescence is due to the activities of adolescents who are more active outside the home than in the home.Peer groups will shape adolescent attitudes, behavior, interests, and appearance.
Smoking has become commonplace and cause for concern because this phenomenon is considered a habit and reasonableness.Even for some cases smoking can be considered as an indicator of maturity.
Smoking behavior begins during childhood and adolescence.Most teenagers understand the harmful effects of cigarette smoke but they do not try or avoid the behavior.Nobody denies the negative impact of smoking behavior, but smoking behavior in human life is activity 'phenomenal'.That is, although it is known that the negative effects of smoking are, the number of smokers is not decreasing but is increasing and the age of smokers is getting younger.
Furthermore, parents are believed to have a very important influence on children's development.Parents as people who pay attention both emotionally and physically are important for the mental health of children and adolescents.If both parents smoke, the child is four times more likely to smoke.
Smoking behavior in adolescents should be prevented.There needs to be factors that support, which can lead a teenager to behave positively, namely not smoking.These factors can come from family, friends, or the school environment.
In social studies learning related to the scope that humans as social creatures must socialize and care about the surrounding environment.This is in accordance with the objectives of IPS, namely to make good citizens with various characters, one of which is the social dimension.Social skills are the initial capital for someone to support this.This is in accordance with the problems that exist in the field, namely the presence of adolescents who do not smoke, which causes social skills in him.
Previous research on adolescents who did not smoke was conducted by Wemmy Noor Fauzia (2015) where this study was conducted to determine the factors that determine or have an influence on the intention (intention) to not smoke in adolescents, using variable subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.Subjective norms or subjective norms are defined as individual perceptions of social pressure to do or not perform a behavior.Meanwhile, perceived behavioral control is a function based on beliefs called control beliefs, namely beliefs individual about the presence or absence of factors that support or prevent individuals from bringing up a behavior.His research shows that the variable perceived behavioral control has a lower effect than subjective norms, but it can still be said that perceived behavioral control has an effect on the intention of young men not to smoke.The tendency of young men to have the intention of not smoking when seen from the perceived behavioral control they have is greater than their intention to smoke.So it can be said that both subjective norm and perceived behavioral control show an influence on the tendency to have a nonsmoking intention compared to the intention to smoke.

B. METHOD
Approach the research used in this research is qualitative research.This is because the researchers wanted to obtain a detailed and complete explanation of the non-smoking attitudes of male adolescents who are in the social environment of smokers.According to Moleong (2017 p. 6): Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomena experienced by research subjects such as behavior, perception, motivation for action, holistically and descriptively in the form of words and language, in a context.special nature and by making use of various scientific methods.
This study used a case study method .According to Arifin (2011 p. 152): A case study is an in-depth study of an individual, a group, an organization, an activity program, and so on in a certain time.
The opinion above is in accordance with the aim of the researcher, namely to find the development of a detailed and indepth case of how the non-smoking attitude of teenage boys who are in the social environment of smokers.
The subjects in this study were 7 nonsmoking adolescents whose surroundings were smokers.The research location was conducted in Munjul Village, West Pagaden District, Subang Regency.
The instrument used in this study was the researcher himself (human instrument).Data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation study.In analyzing the data, the researcher used the Miles and Huberman model.According to Miles and Huberman (Sugiyono, 2014, p. 337) there are three kinds of activities in qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.

C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
For approximately one month, researchers conducted research, researchers obtained various data through in-depth interviews with respondents in the field.Based on the results of the interview, here are the answers to the research in accordance with the formulation of the problem:

Values and Norms Applied by Families to Non-Smoking Adolescents
AF is prohibited from smoking by their parents because AF is an athlete.Even though his parents smoked, his parents always taught him good values in his family so that he could grow into a good person too.Besides being prohibited from smoking, AF is also prohibited from going home at night and is prohibited from sleeping too late by his parents.The rules and values that exist in the family guide when dealing with the wider community.parentsAF's also give sanctions if any violations are committed.
Of the total respondents, parents have their own reasons for forbidding their children to smoke.MZ explained the reason why his parents forbade smoking "My parents forbade smoking because my grandfather died of lung disease which was originally due to smoking".It is different from what SF, JNA, and AF said that smoking was prohibited by their parents because they were athletes who had to maintain their stamina.Meanwhile , MAD, NHA, and EM have different reasons from the others, because they are required to focus on learning and not smoking because their parents think that smoking can ruin the future.
Family plays a role in shaping the child's personality to match the expectations of parents and society.Family is the first socialization for children.The role of parents in the family as guides, caregivers, teachers, mentors, and role models in the family.As stated by Vembriarto (1984: 36), the family environment is a small social group which generally consists of fathers, mothers, and children.Social relations between family members are relatively fixed based on blood ties, marriage, or adoption.Relationships between family members are generally animated by an atmosphere of affection and a sense of responsibility, therefore the family is the smallest social group that has a very large influence on the socialization process and one's interactions.
Education of values and norms is very important to be instilled in the family.Education of values and norms can be taught or instilled from the smallest and closest unit to the child, namely the family.The values and norms instilled and learned from the family will be applied by family members when interacting with the wider community.One of the values applied by the respondent's family is spiritual value.Spiritual value greatly influences adolescent decision making not to smoke. the respondent's parents think that smoking is a bad action and can damage the future.According to Notonegoro in Elly and Usman (2011: 124-125) values are divided into three types, namely: 1) Material value, which includes various conceptions of everything that is useful for the human body.For example, the value of the good and bad or the price of an object as measured by certain measuring instruments such as money or other valuable objects.2) Vital value, which includes various conceptions related to everything that is useful for humans in carrying out various activities.An object will be judged by its usefulness.3) Spiritual value, which includes various concepts relating to everything related to human spiritual needs, such as: a) The value of truth, which comes from the ratio (human reason), for example something is considered right or wrong because human reason has the ability to give an assessment.
b) The value of beauty, which comes from the element of feeling, for example the attractiveness of an object, so that the value of the attraction or charm of an object is appreciated.c) Moral values, which originate from the element of will, especially in human behavior between the judgments of actions that are considered good or bad, noble or despicable according to the prevailing order within the social group.d) Religious values, which are sourced from holy books (God's revelation).
The family as the smallest community group plays a very important role in developing norms.The family is the most appropriate vehicle for developing and enforcing the rule of law, because the sanctions imposed on the family are generally educational.Based on the results of the research, norms are applied to children so that children learn to obey the rules applied by the family.As stated by (Soeroso, 2006: 38) Norms are life guidelines that contain orders and prohibitions that are set based on mutual agreement and intend to regulate every human behavior in society in order to achieve peace.
In shaping attitudes, values and norms are very influential.The respondents' families have implemented values and norms from an early age.Respondents have an attitude of not smoking because of the values and norms taught by their families.The existence of good teachings and communication in the family can foster good attitudes too.As stated by (Naim, 2011: 7), if communication is done properly, the results will be as expected.Conversely, if it is not right it can have a negative effect or can weaken the relationship between individuals.
Thus it can be concluded that the inculcation of values and norms from the family from an early age in children will become provisions for living a good life.With the inculcation of values and norms from an early age, it will affect children's attitudes when dealing with society.Therefore it is necessary to have good teachings from families to children so that children can grow well.

The condition of the friendship environment that was builtsmoking adolescents.
Based on the results of the interviews, the respondents said that peers were very influential on the formation of attitudes.As said by MAD, NHA, and EM, "my friends smoke a lot, I have also tried smoking because my friends offer them.But after I tried smoking, there was no benefit and after that, I just started smoking again".Meanwhile, SF said that "most of my friends smoke and I have also tried smoking because I am curious to see my friends smoking, but I don't smoke anymore after trying once because I'm an athlete.The problem is that smoking really affects me physically".From the respondents' statements, they have been influenced by their friends, namely trying to smoke, but they can control themselves not to smoke again.
It's different with MZ, JNA, and AF who never smoke because they do have their own principles not to smoke.They have also been teased by their friends for not smoking, but this did not rule out the possibility of them becoming friends with a smoker.Because based on the results of the interview, they made friends not seeing smoking or not, but because of convenience and pleasure.But after respondents have been friends with their friends for a long time, they are highly valued by their friends because they are considered able to refrain from smoking because according to their friends smoking can harm the body.
The circle of friends has a big influence on an individual, because the circle of friends determines the decisions that will be taken later.Like the respondents who have been influenced by the environment of friends, namely trying to smoke.Respondents said that this influence came because there was indeed a sense of inner curiosity that made respondents affected by a negative friendship environment.However, after trying to smoke, the respondents were able to control themselves again from smoking.Because the respondents have a principle in themselves not to smoke.The values and norms taught by the family are also very influential when teenagers are in a negative environment, because by remembering the values and norms taught by the family, they can control themselves not to smoke.As stated by (Resmana, 2012: 12) Peers are the second environment after family, which affects children's lives.Whether or not children are affected in peer groups depends on children's perceptions of their groups, because children's perceptions of peer groups determine decisions taken by children, which in turn lead to high or low tendencies of children's delinquency.
Based on the results of the study, adolescents made friends did not see smoking or not, but because of pleasure and comfort.Respondents 'friends highly appreciate the respondents' decision not to smoke, because it is the right of each individual.According to (Nurihsan & Agustin, 2013: 80) adolescents no longer choose friends based on their convenience as they did in childhood and their penchant for the same activities.Teens want friends who have the same interests and values, who can understand and make them comfortable, and who can be trusted in discussing the problems they face.
The environment of friendship that non-smoking teens build is great.They don't look to anyone to be friends.Because according to him, friends don't have to see smoking or not, but because they are comfortable.It is recognized that peers can influence a teenager's judgment and decisions about his behavior.Peers are also able to provide positive values to adolescents by providing information about the comparison of their identity.Adolescents who are good at placing themselves in a good peer environment can develop their identity in a more positive direction.For children who do not get love and religious or ethical guidance from their parents, they usually lack the ability to selectively choose friends and are easily influenced by the nature or behavior of their group.

Ownership of Allowance in Forming
Youth Non-Smoking Attitudes MAD, NHA, SF, MZ, JNA, and AF said that pocket money had no effect on decision-making not to smoke, they had their own reasons why pocket money had no effect on making no smoking attitudes .They already have the intention of not smoking even though the allowance they are given is more than usual.Usually they use this pocket money to buy snacks, expenses, and also save money.
In contrast to other respondents, EM does not smoke because the pocket money given by her parents is not enough to buy cigarettes.Althoughparents EM forbid smoking, if the allowance is given, it is more likely that they will use it to buy cigarettes.Because the pocket money given was not enough, EM decided not to smoke.
Parents in raising and educating children as a manifestation of a sense of responsibility to their children.Through parenting that is applied by parents, it makes children get to know the world around them and the ways of social interaction that apply in everyday life.One of the ways to educate children is to manage pocket money.An allowance is an amount of money given by parents to their children to meet all their school needs.As stated by Widya (2007: 148), pocket money is money that is not the same as pocket money.The pocket money is used for snacks, saving and giving.The allowance given by parents to children is actually intended to meet all children's needs related to meeting school needs such as paying for public transportation, buying snacks, paying dues, buying stationery, and others.
Adolescence is a period of transition and the search for identity, adolescents experience a process of forming attitudes, where adolescents seek and try to achieve an ideal self-pattern, this causes adolescents to be easily influenced by products that are presented in a number of mass media or directly promoted in the market.As we can see in reality the market is increasingly releasing products that are targeted at adults, but teenagers are also being affected.One that is often promoted is cigarette products.By seeing cigarette products in the mass media, teenagers are often influenced to try to follow them.This is in line with what was said by (Juniarti, 1991 in the Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2010) seeing advertisements in mass and electronic media that depict that smoking is a symbol of masculinity or glamor, so that teenagers are often triggered to follow behaviors like those in these advertisements.
The pocket money given should be for the primary school snacks, sometimes used by children to buy things that are not in accordance with their needs, but buying something is more of a wish such as cigarettes.However, in this case the respondents did not use it to buy cigarettes because the respondents had been taught to manage pocket money from an early age by their parents.Usually the respondents use their pocket money for snacks, school needs and savings.As stated by Zhafira (2012), factors that can be taken into account by parents when determining the amount of pocket money for children are transportation costs, food costs, and age.
Allowance has no effect in taking adolescent attitudes to not smoke because non-smoking teenagers already have the intention and principle of not smoking, even though the allowance given by parents is more than usual.The teaching of parents in managing pocket money from an early age is very influential in shaping the attitude of not smoking, because parents are the first educational institutions for their children.In line with what Saifuddin Azwar (2012: 30) said, the factors that influence the formation of attitudes are personal experiences, the influence of other people who are considered important, the influence of culture, mass media, educational institutions and religious institutions, the influence of emotional factors.Educational institutions and religious institutions as a system have an influence in shaping attitudes because they both lay the foundation for understanding and moral concepts in the individual.
Thus, the ownership of pocket money does not affect the formation of attitudes not to smoke.Because teenagers do not smoke, they have the intention of not smoking and have their own principles.Parents in educating to manage pocket money also have an effect on taking an attitude not to smoke because with education in managing pocket money, teenagers can manage it well without being used for things that are not important, one of which is smoking.

D. CONCLUSION
Based on the research that has been done, in general it can be concluded that: The planting of values and norms from an early age by the family becomes the provision for teenagers not to smoke in leading a good life.The inculcation of values and norms from an early age greatly affects the attitude of adolescents not to smoke when dealing with negative societies.Teens who do not smoke adhere to the cultivation of values and norms taught by their families.Cultivation of good values and norms by the family produces a good attitude, namely making adolescents not smoke even though the majority of the environment is a smoker.2. Teens who do not smoke make friends with people who are mostly active smokers.Teens who do not smoke have been influenced by their friends who smoke, who have tried to smoke.Principles and teachings of parents make confidence in yourself not to smoke again.The friends of nonsmoking teens really appreciate your decision not to smoke, because a nonsmoking attitude is a good thing.Teens who do not smoke also do not prohibit their friends from smoking, because according to them smoking is everyone's right.Teens do not smoke friends do not see smoking or not, but because of pleasure and comfort alone.3. Parents of non-smoking teenagers have taught how to manage pocket money properly from an early age and taught that the allowance given is not used for unnecessary things.Teens who do not smoke usually use their pocket money for school, snacks and savings.Having an allowance does not affect the decision to not smoke, even though the allowance given by parents is sometimes bigger than usual, because the intention and principle in adolescents not to smoke overcomes their curiosity to smoke.