Citizen Socio-Economic Changes in Sukamulya Village After The Establishment of West Java International Airport

— West Java International Airport (BIJB) is a Regionally-Owned Enterprises (BUMD) which was established by West Java Provincial Government. West Java International Airport is located in Kertajati Majalengka. This study aims to know citizen of Sukamulya socioeconomic changes after the establishment of West Java International Airport. This study used case study method of qualitative approach, the data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation in the citizen of Sukamulya Village. The result shows: 1) There is shifting in citizen’s livelihood, from agrarian to non agrarian. (2) there has been no enchancement equalization in citizen income. (3) After the establishment of BIJB, citizen upgrade land ownership status become certification to increase the selling value of the land.


A. INTRODUCTION
Majalengka is the one of West Java district that becomes interesting talk bacause of the establishment of an internationally standard airport (BIJB).This airport is established in Kertajati Sub-district, Majalengka District.Background of the airport planned is because of the overload issue that emerges in Husein Sastranegara Airport and Soekarno-Hatta Jakarta Airport.Thus, resulting in the needs of developing an internationally standard airport to efficient the flight performance in Indonesia.Citizen supports the establishment of BIJB, they argue that physical condition of BIJB is decent enough to operate and they hope that Majalengka is more advanced.West Java International Airport is established on an area of 1.800 hectares.The international airport and Aerocity in Kertajati  West Java International Airport establishment is a priority to support regional even, national economy.So that, the establishment of this airport is very depend on Central Government and Regional Government, as Government of West Java Province and Government of Majalengka District, beside of that the role of private sector and citizen surrounding the location area and also the citizen of West Java in general.Airport functionate as passanger or stuff movement node from air transportatio to land transportation and vice versa.Increasing the passanger and stuff movement is expected can create economic improvement.
The growth of air traffic directly affects in supporting the rate of economic growth along with increasing the needs of transportation that can reach far places or difficult to be reached by land transportation.The government has to consider the bad impact that may happen in the time of airport establishing, has to sacrifice everything which is citizen resource of living, then the government can find the solution.The establishment will trigger very specific changes in social, economy, and environment aspects.
The presence of West Java International Airport (BIJB) in Kertajati Majalengka is expected will affect economic growth especially in Majalengka District.Business opportunity also exist in the follwing activity, as in terminal area, inside the terminal area, and even outside of BIJB area.Another source of business opportunity that can be taken are bank, distro, land transportation service, assurance etc.That opportunity, have to be responed positively by the citizen as new economic resource.
Beside of that, not a few of farmers' rice fields that lost because land acquisition of the airport establishment.Land acquisition will also change of socioeconomic condition, one of that is citizen livelihood.Originally work as a farmer will change in the other sector becuase of the rice field land that reduced.Beside of that, 50% of Sukamulya Village Citizen move to another place due to the residential land is used as BIJB establishment.
Public complaints who want to be relocated to the more comfortable place is not instructed by the government, they only given money proceeds from land selling.However, citizen argue that the amount of money proceeds from land selling is not enough, because the land price in their new residence is more expensive, so that they live in a makeshift place.They hope government is morefair in the land selling activity, because affected in Sukamulya's citizen socioeconomic condition.Socioeconomic condition is someone position in human group that is determined by the kind of economic activity, income, education level, age, residential type, and wealth that is owned.(Abdulsyani, 2004, p.99) BIJB (West Java International Airport) will need many workers around 400 thousand people, but the problem is, has to be prepared Human Resource in such a way, skill, and the others, becuause if it is only naturaly so that the other workwe will come and take advantages of Kertajati citizen deficiency.
The existance of this airport forces Majalengka to think creatively both the government as well as the citizen in increasing economic growth.By using observation method and interview, researcher will collect some data the amount of citizen who works in the airport and researcher will also interviewing uses question guidlines.So many interesting controversies behind the establishment of West Java International Airport betwixt is about livelihood and migration of Kertajati citizen after the establishment of West Java International Airport made the researcher interested in doing the research about "Citizen Socioeconomic Changes in Sukamulya Village After The Establishment Of West Java International Airport (BIJB)"

B. LITERATURE REVIEW
In essence, people's life is always changing, not always in a state of silence but always moving in a dynamic direction.Change is a modification process so that it shows a different state from the previous state, whether there is growth or reduction or even removal.Social change is a process of modification in all aspects of social life at various levels from the individual level to the global level (Lauer, 1993, pp. 3-8).According to Anwar and Adang (2013, p. 247) change can be divided into evolution and revolution (slow change and fast change).

Evolution
Evolution are social changes that occur in a slow process, over a long period of time and without any particular will from the society concerned.These changes take place following the conditions of community development, that is, in line with the efforts of the community in meeting their daily needs.In the case of changes that occurred in the Sukamulya Village community, they experienced many changes after their land / land was purchased by BIJB which was used to build the airport area.

Revolution
Revolution, namely social changes regarding the elements of life or social institutions which take place relatively quickly.Often revolutionary changes are preceded by the emergence of conflict or tension in society.The cases that occurred in the Sukamulya village community included the unresolved land acquisition costs, tenant farmers losing their jobs because the land owner sold their land to the airport and land sales that were not in accordance with the agreement.

REVIEW OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGE
Social change is a phenomenon of life experienced by every society anywhere and anytime.Every human society during its life must experience changes in various aspects of its life, which occur in the midst of interaction (interaction) between individual members of the community, as well as between society and its environment.According to Soemardjan (1981 p. 130) Social Change is the changes that occur in social institutions in a society which affect its social system, including values, attitudes, and patterns of behavior among community groups.
According to Soekanto (2005 p. 103), social change is "as a variation of the accepted ways of life, either because of geographical conditions, material culture, population composition, ideology or because of diffusion or new discoveries in (Soekanto. 2007 p. 267) says that social change can be identified by the presence of certain characteristics: 1.There is no society that stops its development because every society experiences changes that occur slowly or quickly.2. Changes that occur.In certain social institutions it will be imitated by changes in other social institutions because these social institutions are interpendent, so it is very difficult to isolate changes in certain social institutions.The initial process and subsequent processes form a link.3. The rapid changes usually result in the organization being temporary because they are in the community process ".

FEATURES OF SOCIAL CHANGE
According to Ranjabar (2008 p. 58) the characteristics of social change are: 1. Differential social organization The chaos of this pattern occurs as a result of a meeting of different social organizations influenced by the outside world, each of which has norms.These different social groups can cause mutual negative reactions to norms that are not the norms of the group.If this situation is so intense, then there will be social disorganization (social disorganization).2. Advances in science and technology encourage changes in ideological, political and economic thinking.
Advances in science and technology encourage changes in ideological, political and economic thinking.Economic progress creates an attitude of individualism.The ideology of individualism has infiltrated the economic field, so that individual initiatives in economic activity are given leeway.This ideology wants government oversight in the economic field to be eliminated.

Mobility
With the industrial revolution and the democratic revolution, there was also mobility both horizontally and vertically.The industrial revolution allowed people to move horizontally, people in villages moved to cities.While the democratic revolution stimulates vertical mobility, a person can change status, for example: a farmer becomes a member of the DPR, a businessman becomes a Regent, Governor, Vice President, and President.

Culture conflict
In society there are social differences that give birth to a differential organization / differential association, which has certain norms.Because every social organization has certain norms that allow contradictions, individuals from different social organizations will feel foreign to these norms.
If the norms of one group are applied to another group, there will be a conflict of norms or culture conflict.Culture conflict creates metal conflict, and mental conflict can lead to crime.Sutherland said culture conflict is the basis of crime, while Taft said "Crime is a product of Culture" (Pasaribu and Simanjuntak, 1982 p. 136).

Planned changes and unplanned changes
The planned change is a change that is predicted in advance by those who want change called an agent of change, that is, a person or group of people who has the trust of the community as the leader of one or more social institutions.In doing so, the agent of change is directly caught up in pressures to make changes.Meanwhile, unplanned social changes are changes that take place beyond the reach of community supervision, and can lead to unexpected social consequences.

Controversy (contention).
Socio-Cultural Change has resulted in controversy in society (Simanjuntak, 1982 p. 138) which can be classified and explained as follows: First, change threatens fixed interests.Groups that have inherited special rights under the prevailing conditions, of course, controversy (against traditional change, for fear of losing their privileges.This group steadfastly defends traditional conditions.Second, change destroys habits.Humans live on the basis of habits and habits will be destroyed when changes occur.During the individual socialization phase, there is a process of living up to the behavior, values, goals and norms of society.The cultural element enters the personality by means of the social environment, this cultural element can cause the threat of change to personality.Against this threat, religious instinct is on guard, a sense of security depends on the survival of core values.

C. RESEARCH METHOD
This research is a qualitative research.
This qualitative research specifically directed in using study case method.This research intensively focuses in one specific object which studying it as a case.Case study data can be collected from all involved party, in other words, in this study the data is collected from various resources.(Nawawi, 2003, P. 1).Researcher uses study case method because adapted with the issue that is researched, researcher get the data, complete information, detail, and interact closer with the research subject that is Sukamulya Village citizen who experienced social change.
Participants of this resealrch are, headman, chairman of the neighborhood, head of family and citizen Sukamulya to get data/information about Socio-Economic change in that place.Participant or informan is data and information resource related to the issue that is researched.
The research place is located in Sukamulya Village, Kertajati Sub-District, Majalengka District.This place is chosen because of the occurrence of citizen socioeconomic changes before and after the establishment of BIJB.Sukamulya Village is located in an altitude of 565m above sea level with maximum average air temperature 27º Celcius.
Resource of primary data in this research is Sukamulya Village citizen through interview method.Meanwhile, secondary data resource is, literature, scientific article, journal (national library, google scholar, Academia, Research Gate), and web sites related to research of village citizen which is done.
Researcher used some technique to collect data or information accurately observation, interview, documentation study, and literature study.Data analysis technique that is used in this research is referring in the concept of (Milles & Huberman, 1992, p. 20) it is interactive model which classifies data analysis in three steps.It is data Reduction, data Display, and Conclusion Drawing.
Source: Miles and Huberman interactive model (1984 p.23)According to the diagram above, the relation between interactive model component is that qualitative data analysis is a continous process start from data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing orderly as a data analysis technique sequence in qualitative research.Technique of data analysis that is used in this research is referring in the concept that is interactive model that classify data analysis into three steps of (Milles & Huberman, 1992, p. 20) as follow: 1. Data Reduction is a process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming the raw data that appears in written from of field notes.Through this process, the researcher summarizing and selecting the data that is produced in the field and focuses in the important thing. 2. Data Display, the organized data, compressed assembly that permits conclusion drawing and the action.

Conclusion Drawing, in this research
will be revealed about the means from the data that is collected.From that data, will be gotten the conclusion that is tentative, dull, rigid, and questioned, so that the conclusion needs to be verified.

D. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1. General Description Sukamulya Village is a part of Kertajati Sub-District, Majalengka District area.
Geographically the location Sukamulya Village area is located in the north Majalengka District and south Kertajati Sub-District.Sukamulya Village is located in an altitude of 565m above sea level with maximum average air temperature 27º Celcius.

Map of Sukamulya Village (Source: Andhini M, 2013)
The research place is located in Sukamulya Village, Kertajati Sub-District, Majalengka District.The place is chosen because socioeconomic changes before and after the establishment of BIJB.Sukamulya Village is located in an altitude of 565m above sea level with maximum average air temperature 27º Celcius, with administrative boundaries of the village area, as follow: a. North bordered with Pasiripis Village, PG Jatitujuh.b.East bordered with Bantarjati Village, Sukakerta Village.c.South bordered with Kertasari Village, Bantarjati Village.

d. West bordered with Mekarmulya
Village.This finding and discussion is held through data collection result and data processing which is arranged based on the formulation of the problems, they are: (1) Analyzing citizen livelihood condition of Sukamulya Village before and after the establishment of West Java International Airport (BIJB), (2) Describing citizen of Sukamulya Village income before and after the establishment west Java International Airport (BIJB), (3) Engaging citizen land ownership status of Sukamulya Village before and after the establishment west Java International Airport (BIJB).

Data Validity Test
To test data validity that is obtained in order to totally in line with the objectives and purpose of the research, so the researcher uses triangulation technique.Data triangulation is a technique to test the data that use another thing outside the data as checking needs or as those data comparation in Moleong, (2007:330).
Credibility as other validity test that is used by the researcher.According to (Moleong, 2007, p. 327), credibility means the researcher stay in the research field until the saturation point in data collection is reached.Here, the researcher extends or gives additional time in interview and observation towards both of the subject to make the data reach saturation.Data validity can be achieved by using data collection process that is appropriate, one of the ways is by using triangulation process.According Afifuddin (2009, p. 143), triangulation is validity test technique that is using other thing outside those data for checking needs or as those data comparation.According to Patton in Afifuddin (2009, p.143) there are four types of triangulation as a technique to achieve validity: 1.Data triangulation Use various data resource, as document, archives, interview result, observation result, and or by interviewing more than one subject that is considered has different point of view.

Observer triangulation
Presence of the observer beside the researcher that take part to check the data collection result.In this research, consultant as expert judgement that give advice towards data collection result.

Theory triangulation
The use of various theory to assure that the data which is collected fulfilled the requirements.

Method triangulation
The use of various method to investigate an issue, as interview method and observation method.
Based on four validity test techniques, researcher uses data triangulation and method triangulation.Data triangulation uses various data resources, as document, archieve of interview result, observation result or by interviewing some subjects who are considered have different point of view.Meanwhile, method triangulation uses some methods to investigate an issue.In this study, the researcher uses interview, observation, and documentation research methods.

Condition of BIJB Establishment
BIJB Kertajati acsess aims to support the developing of triangle area of economic growth in West Java, that are Patimban Harbor in Subang District, Kertajati Airport in Majalengka District, and area in Bekasi, Karawang, and Purwakarta.These industrial areas will connect one another and support one another in order to make it have competitive side.Mileage from some areas as Bandung and Karawang to BIJB is still more than 90 minutes, become a cause of passanger prefer the closest airport that are Husein Sastranegara and Soekarno Hatta.However, with the establishment of Cisumdawu toll, it is planned will finish in the end of 2021 is expected can attract passangers who are in BIJB catchment area to use BIJB service as air transportation.Completion of Cisumdawu toll and connection of tolls acsess to Kertajati Airport, is lessen travel time from Bandung about 3 hours to 1 hour.By the connectivity increasingly so that airport operasional increass.BIJB is also preparing aerocity industrial area which is targeted finish parallel with the establishment of Cisumdawu toll.This area is expected can also enliven BIJB Airport.

Pros and cons of Sukamulya Village citizen towards BIJB establishement
Citizen pros and cons may happen in every government policy.By the establsihment West Java International Airport it triggers citizen of Sukamulya Village pros and cons.Social relation among citizen in Sukamulya Villag also changes after the establishment of the airport.Airport establishment causing conflict from some citizen so that resulting in forming pros group also cons group.
Sukamulya Village citizen opinion who disagree towards the BIJB project is because citizen is already comfortable settle in Sukamulya Village, Citizen's kinship relation is already well tied.Citizen do rejection action towards establishment BIJB by demonstration to speak their opinion and hope government listen to citizen opinion.Not a few of citizens of Sukamulya Village who feel harmed because of BIJB affected livelihood and citizen income, beside that, even in land selling is not satisfying enough.However, the citizen who supports the establishment of BIJB reasoned because by the existance of BIJB makes land selling profitable enough.From the land selling proceeds, citizen feel benefited to be able to buy land which the size is way more spacious than before.

A. Discussion 1. Citizen of Sukamulya Village livelihood condition before and after BIJB established
From the information that is collected through interview, party who is involved in the airport establishment process seems not really incessant in doing socialization.Citizen does not receive full socialaization from BIJB or local government either, citizen only get information from general meetingwhich is held by village party.That is in line with Hatma opinion that "Orientation change in livelihood interpreted as the change of citizen way of thinking that will determine and affect their action in the future although in level of mind construct of shifting symptoms or the change have been a reality in citizen."(Hatma, 2003, p. 37).

Socio-Economic Change in Citizen
Livelihood Before West Java International Airport (BIJB) Established Originally, citizen is stable enough, problems that happen in farmers' citizen of Sukamulya Villlage is affected by the lack of startup capital.So that, majority of citizen take inisiative to borrow money as startup capital to buy agricultural equipment as seeds and fertilizers.Beside of that, citizen assume that progress and degradation dan in work is commonly happen in citizen live so is not desire to thrive better.This, education takes role in someone occupation orientation becasue the higher someone education the bigger someone opportunity to get occupation and higher prosperty.
Impact after BIJB established, citizen desiderate if they have to depend their life to cultivate agricultural field or in other words farmers go through deficiencies in fulfilling their daily needs.In line with this condition, not few of citizen of Sukamulya Village who go through profession change from farmer to seller even do a side job.Some farmers change agricultural land to plantation and motorcycle workshop, that is caused by lesser agricultural land so that rice production is decrease.
Citizen prevent by having side livelihood if felt insufficient in fulfilling daily needs after land acquisition.Beside of that, citizen is forced to think creatively to do a job.They obey government policy towards that land acquisition, hope their right is still kept.

The Citizen of Sukamulya Village
Income Condition Before and After BIJB Established From result of the interview result with headman, chairman of the neighborhood, and citizen of Sukamulya Village, they agree that there is no increasing yet in income aspect because in doing daily job oftentimes going through difficulty from startup capital.Becuse of the low aspect of capital will affected productivity level of a business.As for farmer family this is a very important thing to be noticed.One of the aspects that affected socioeconomic condition of farmer family is the lack of market that can be reached to promote the product in agricultural sector, becasue market will determine the business continuity for farmer family.Oftentimes marketing for farmer family becomes obstacle influenced by the decrease in the production unit price problem that is not balance with income, becuase the cost amount that is spend as fertillizer, labor, seed or other cost.
After BIJB established, citizen going through changes which very benefited because of money from land selling proceeds can be used as a business capital without need to owe money to covers the loss which may happen.The establishment of BIJB affected in the lessening of agricultural land which affected in the moving of occupation sector and decreasing of income.The influence of big or small income is transportation path acsess factor, with a lot of establishment especially in transportation sector affected distance become closer with the center of the economy in the city and market so that transportation is easier.

Land Ownership Status of Sukamulya Village Citizen Before and After BIJB established
Before BIJB established, the condition of land ownership status of sukamulya village citizen is a land in the name of parents, as citizen land as AJB (deed of sale and purchase).The minimum amount of citizen land which in the form of ownership certificate, does not have official certificate status.Sukamulya Village has residential land area as 60 hectares, race fields as 587 Hectares, and dry rice fields, lea and moor as 23 hectares, the total is 730 hectares.Before impacted land acquisition from BIJB, citizen of Sukamulya Village only has residence land, now money of land selling proceeds can be used to buy other needs other than residece, that are rice field and vehicle.
After BIJB established, citizen Sukamulya Village land ownership status condition already transferred which before is land in the name of parents, beside that, evenly already in the form AJB (deed of sale and purchase).Sukamulya village citizen get compensation which is very benefited eventhough the payment process is gradually, Sukamulya Village citizen can buy two locations ofresidential land, beside of that, they buy motorcycle and have personal agricultural land without need to cultivalte agricultural land owned by landlord.Based on Sukamulya headman interview result, there is no village land of Sukamulya which is problematic as confiscated land from the bank, dispute land among citizen, etc.Overall, residential land and pertanian is original land owned by citizen of Sukamulya Village

D. CONCLUSION 1. Conclusion
There is a change is citizen of Sukamulya Village livelihood before and after BIJB established.The change before BIJB established is marked with the change of citizen occupation sector and livelihood achievemnt target changes on citizen of Sukamulya Village.Citizzen experience changes after BIJB established, that is the lesser land to farming, from social aspect it is socialization that has been long tied because of the separation between one relative with others affected by the differences of purpose to move.
1.There is not income increasement yet because income factor is a private matter every citizen in a family who has portion and policy in financial management from the income.There is difference opinion between officials village and citizen about income ampunt, citizen who feel does not enough to fulfill daily needs take inisiatve to has side job.2. There is a diffence in land ownership status citizen of Sukamulya Village, before BIJB established there is not a few citizens live with their parents in a narrow land, then not many farmers who cultivating and working in their personal land.

Implication
1. Before and after the establishment of BIJB, give positive and negative impact.The positive impact as gaining advantages from compensation allowance over land acquisition which can improve citizen economic system, in the other hand, BIJB establishment give negative impact which makes agricultural land is lessen.2. After BIJB established, it is impacted in socioeconomic changes in livelihood, income, and land ownership status aspect in Sukamulya Village.In this, there is a rejection from citizen who disagree if there is land acquisition, but by the time passes citizen is agree to government decision with the expectation of economic life become better than before.3. Suggestion 1.The result shows there is a change in citizen livelihood from agrarian sector to nonagrarian sector.In this, the researcher recomends to open a training to citizen in Sukamulya Village in order to have readiness in facing occupation sector change to non agrarian.2. The result shows that there is not income improvement yet on citizen.In this, recomeded to give opportunity to the citizen to think creatively by opening business near BIJB area and make use BIJB as citizen's income resource.3. Before BIJB established, many land ownership status citizen of Sukamulya Village is not yet certificated.Because of that, the researcher recomends to the citizen and government apparatus to do a land certification so land selling price is always increase.4. For Social Science Education, can make it as one of object study in social sciences learning especially in socioeconomic changes material for Junior High School or Madrasah Tsanawiyah. 5.For government, can be a stimulan to vitalize the existance of BIJB airport after Large-Scale Social Restriction because of Covid-19 plague.
Third, change brings new patterns of behavior.With the emergence of new patterns means the disappearance of old patterns.The disappearance of traditional patterns of behavior and the emergence of new patterns creates tension.