Pengaruh Emisi Cahaya dari Data VIIRS Day/Night Band pada Kecerlangan Langit Malam di Observatorium Ilmu Falak Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (OIF UMSU)
Abstract
Sebagai tempat pengamatan astronomi, Observatorium Ilmu Falak Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (OIF UMSU) membutuhkan kualitas langit malam yang bebas dari polusi cahaya. Atas dasar hal tersebut, penelitian ini melakukan analisa pengaruh polusi cahaya pada kualitas langit astronomis di OIF UMSU (3°34’56’’ LU dan 98°43’18’’ BT). Pengamatan kualitas langit malam dilakukan oleh OIF UMSU dari Februari 2018-Maret 2020 dengan Sky Quality Meter (SQM) fotometer pada arah zenit. Dari 588 hari pengamatan, Kami memperoleh rata-rata kecerlangan langit malam dan kecerlangan langit malam maksimum adalah 16,73 mpdbp dan 18,43 mpdbp. Nilai tersebut memberikan batas magnitudo pengamatan mata telanjang (NELM) masing-masing sebesar 2,86 dan 4,32. Untuk meninjau kontribusi cahaya artifisial pada kualitas langit malam di OIF UMSU, kami meninjau emisi cahaya malam hari dari pengamatan satelit Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) dengan sensor Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) dalam rentang tahun 2018-2020. Emisi cahaya malam hari di Kota Medan menunjukkan peningkatan sebesar 5,51-5,93%/tahun. Hubungan antara kecerlangan langit malam yang menggunakan SQM dan data VIIRS memiliki korelasi lemah dengan R2 = 0.03. Berbagai faktor mempengaruhi lemahnya korelasi tersebut, antara lain nilai kecerlangan langit malam yang dipengaruhi faktor cuaca dan cahaya bulan serta pengamatan kecerlangan langit malam yang hanya berada di satu titik lokasi.
Kata kunci: polusi cahaya,kecerlangan langit malam, Sky Quality Meter, VIIRS Day/Night band
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/wafi.v8i1.42451
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