A Review of Megawatt-Scale Photovoltaic Systems for Governmental Buildings: Pathways Toward Zero Grid Consumption and Environmental Sustainability

Ali Nael Hasan; Oday I. Abdullah; Naseer K. Kasim

doi:10.17509/ajse.v6i3.90873

A Review of Megawatt-Scale Photovoltaic Systems for Governmental Buildings: Pathways Toward Zero Grid Consumption and Environmental Sustainability

Ali Nael Hasan, Oday I. Abdullah, Naseer K. Kasim

Abstract

The rapid evolution of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has established. This study reviewed recent advancements, persistent challenges, and emerging solutions in solar PV systems, with a focus on their integration into grid and off-grid applications, energy storage systems, and building energy management systems (BEMS). The literature revealed notable improvements in conversion efficiency, market expansion, and sustainability, while also identifying ongoing barriers such as grid instability, high installation costs, and environmental issues like dust accumulation and extreme temperatures. Case studies from various regions, including Iraq, demonstrated the feasibility and benefits of large-scale PV implementation, while underscoring the importance of supportive policies and technological innovation. The proposed methodology employed simulation tools (e.g., PVsyst, MATLAB) alongside real load data to optimize system design. Findings indicated that integrating PV systems with BEMS and battery storage enhances energy efficiency, reduces operational costs, and supports net-zero energy objectives. The study concludes with policy recommendations and future research directions aimed at overcoming implementation barriers and maximizing the potential of solar PV systems.

Keywords

Design of MV PV; Daily real load data; Solar system; Zero grid consumption

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References

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v6i3.90873

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