Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Hidrogel PVA/GA/POM/CNT, dan Uji Kinerjanya sebagai Material S-CRF CaCl2 dan S-CRF ZnCl2
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Penggunaan pupuk berlebih dalam praktek pertanian berpotensi menimbulkan leaching nutrien berlebih dan dapat mencemari lingkungan. Penggunaan material Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) berbasis hidrogel menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi isu tersebut. Mekanisme pelepasan pupuk dari CRF melibatkan penetrasi air ke dalam polimer pembentuk gel dan inti pupuk sehingga nutrien mampu lepas (release) ke tanah secara bertahap pada waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pergerakan ion Ca2+ dan Zn2+ (sebagai mikronutrien tanaman) dari dalam hidrogel PVA/GA/POM (PGP) dan PVA/GA/POM/CNT (PGPC) ke medium akuades. Hidrogel PGPC disintesis menggunakan prekursor Polivinil Alkohol (PVA) 3%, crosslinker glutaraldehida (GA) 1,25%, ekstrak Premna oblongifolia Merr. (POM) 1%, dan dispersi functionalized MWCNT dengan perbandingan volume 15:7,5:15:7 mL. Karakteristik hidrogel ditentukan berdasarkan hasil pengukuran FTIR, SEM, porositas dan sudut kontak. Pengukuran kinerja hidrogel sebagai CRF dilakukan dengan mengukur swelling ratio, water retention, serta kemampuan absorpsi dan desorpsi nutrien secara konduktometrik. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan MWCNT ke dalam campuran prekursor PVA, GA, dan POM tidak terjadi interaksi secara kimia, namun mengubah morfologi hidrogel menjadi lebih kasar dan berpori, meningkatkan sifat hidrofilisitas (penurunan sudut kontak air dari 48,27o menjadi 43,68o), dan porositas (dari 66.85% menjadi 76,71%). Penambahan MWCNT juga mampu meningkatkan nilai swelling ratio (dari 673,9% menjadi 966,4%), dan water retention (dari 0,18% menjadi 3,53%), tetapi dapat mengurangi kemampuan absorpsi terhadap nutrien CaCl2 dan ZnCl2. Hasil uji release nutrien mengindikasikan bahwa nutrien lebih cepat keluar dari hidrogel PGPC dibandingkan PGP, sedangkan pada konsentrasi yang sama ditemukan bahwa CaCl2 lebih mudah terdesorpsi dari kedua hidrogel dibandingkan dengan nutrien ZnCl2.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ci.v5i2.93194
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