Indonesian Journal of Teaching in Science
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From Grey to Green: Eco-Friendly Urban Drainage for Resilient and Sustainable Cities
Abstract
Rapid urbanization has become a key driver of socioeconomic development and improved living standards, yet it simultaneously places severe pressure on urban infrastructure systems, particularly drainage networks that are often outdated and undersized. The expansion of impermeable surfaces reduces natural infiltration, leading to increased stormwater runoff, frequent urban flooding, and declining water quality. Conventional grey drainage infrastructure, dominated by rigid pipe networks and storm sewers, offers limited short-term flood control but is increasingly inadequate, costly, and environmentally unsustainable under intensified rainfall patterns driven by climate change. These challenges highlight the urgent need for adaptive and eco-friendly urban drainage solutions. This study systematically reviews the transition from grey to green drainage systems and evaluates their contribution to urban resilience and sustainability. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, peer-reviewed articles and conference papers published between 2000 and 2025 were collected from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. A rigorous three-stage screening process was applied, followed by structured data extraction and thematic synthesis. The review demonstrates that nature-based solutions, including Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS), Low-Impact Development (LID), and green infrastructure, effectively replicate natural hydrological processes by slowing, storing, and infiltrating stormwater at its source. Measures such as permeable pavements, rain gardens, green roofs, and constructed wetlands significantly reduce flood risk while delivering co-benefits such as groundwater recharge, urban cooling, pollution reduction, and biodiversity enhancement. The integration of smart technologies, including IoT-based monitoring and real-time control, further strengthens system adaptability and performance. Overall, the findings highlight eco-friendly drainage as a critical component of resilient, inclusive, and sustainable urban development, particularly for cities facing rapid urbanization and climate change pressures.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijotis.v6i1.98299
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