Sistem Otomasi yang menjadi ciri Era Revolusi 4.0 menjadi trend global dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, terlebih lagi dalam dunia pendidikan. Era ini menyingkirkan sistem manual menjadi sistem yang otomasi melalui aplikasi yang dirancang sempurna. Dosen pascasarjana merupakan aset unggul, istimewa dan professional yang dimiliki oleh perguruan tinggi, karena kualifikasi dan kompetensi yang sempurna untuk melakukan layanan akademik mahasiswa program magister dan program doctor, akan tetapi asset sumber daya manusia yang hebat dan sempurna ini akan memberikan kualitas kinerja dan produktivitas setinggi-tingginya, jika dimanfaatkan dan diberdayakan secara tepat dan terarah. Namun banyak pimpinan program studi yang menyia-nyiakan asset berharga ini melalui kesalahan strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan, sehingga terjadi pemborosan sumber daya berharga yang berdampak pada kerugian besar bagi program studi tersebut. Penelitian ini menelaah 54 program studi magister dan doctor untuk menelaah pemborosan dosen pascasarjana melalui mixed methods. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 72% program studi yang terbukti tidak mengoptimalkan produktivitas dosen pascasarjana, sehingga secara sah dan meyakinkan terjadi pemborosan sebesar 58,01%.

Abbas, W., & Asghar, I. (2010). The Role of Leadership in Organizational Change Relating the Successful Organizational change to Visionary and Innovative Leadership. Industrial Engineering, June, 53.

Abdulridha Jabbar, A., & Hussein, A. M. (2017). 532 (I2OR) InfoBase Index IBI Factor 3.86 Cite This Article. International Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, 5(5), 99–106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.583890

Afshar, A., & Corresponding, J. (2011). Study of the Effects of Customer Service and Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty PhD Scholar in Business Administration. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(7), 253–260.

Al Khajeh, E. H. (2018). Leadership styles on organizational performance. Journal of Human Reseources Management Research, 2018, 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5171/2018.687849

Alanazi, A. (2016). Factors That Affect and Enhance Customer Satisfaction. Quest Journals Journal of Research in Business and Management, 4(9), 80–88.

Allaoui mohammed elhassen, Tidjani chemseddine, O. B. (n.d.). “The Importance of Training Programs in the Improvement of the Performance of Employees in The Petroleum Companies”- Case of Sonatrach Company - The Regional Directorate of BERKAOUI (Ouargla- Algeria). Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 787–794. https://doi.org/10.21276/sjbms

Andy-Wali, H. A., & Wali, A. F. (2018). Lecturers’ Leadership Practices and Their Impact On Students’ Experiences of Participation with Implications for Marketing Higher Education Services. Higher Education for the Future, 5(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/2347631117738640

Anyi, E. M. E. (2017). The Role of Guidance and Counselling in Effective Teaching and Learning in Schools: The Cameroonian Perspective. International Journal of Educational Technology and Learning, 1(1), 11–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/2003.11.11.15

Asree, S., Zain, M., & Razalli, M. R. (2010). Influence of leadership competency and organizational culture on responsiveness and performance of firms. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(4), 500–516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111011042712

Belias, D., & Koustelios, A. (2014). the Impact of Leadership and Change Management Strategy on Organizational Culture. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 10(7), 451–470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00480.x

Bucata, G., & Rizescu, A. M. (2016). Management Style as a Triggering Factor for Organization Effectiveness and Efficiency. Journal of Defense Resources Management (JoDRM), 7(2), 159–164.

C, M. S. Van, Vicere, A. A., White, A. F., Robinson, G. S., & Wick, C. W. (2008). Human Resource (Vol. 15, Issue 1).

Coll, J. E. (2008). A study of academic advising satisfaction and its relationship to student worldviews. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 10(3), 391–404. https://doi.org/10.2190/CS.10.3.g

Committee, E. P., & Reflections, P. (2017). EDU / EDPC (2016) 23 / ANN2 / REV1 for Official Use. 2016, 1–115.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design. In شرکت ملی پخش فرآرده‎های نفتی انرژی‎زا.

Dopson, S., Ferlie, E., McGivern, G., Fischer, M. D., Ledger, J., Behrens, S., & Wilson, S. (2016). The impact of leadership and leadership development in higher education: a review of the literature and evidence. In Leadership Foundation in Higher Education Research and Development. (Issue April 2016).

Ellis, Y., Daniels, B., & Jauregui, A. (2010). The effect of multitasking on the grade performance of business students. Research in Higher Education Journal, 8, 1–10.

Endi Sarwoko, E. S. (2013). Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Competency as Determinants of Business Performance in SMEs. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 7(3), 31–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-0733138.

Garavan, T. N., & Mcguire, D. (2001). Competencies and workplace learning: Some reflections on the rhetoric and the reality. In Journal of Workplace Learning, 13(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13665620110391097

Halim, P., Swasto, B., Hamid, D., & Firdaus, M. R. (2014). The Influence of Product Quality, Brand Image, and Quality of Service to Customer Trust and Implication on Customer Loyalty (Survey on Customer Brand Sharp Electronics Product at the South Kalimantan Province). European Journal of Business and Management, 6(29), 159–166.

Harackiewicz, J. M., & Hulleman, C. S. (2010). The Importance of Interest: The Role of Achievement Goals and Task Values in Promoting the Development of Interest. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(1), 42–52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00207.x.

Hoe, L. C., & Mansori, S. (2018). The Effects of Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: Evidence from Malaysian Engineering Industry. International Journal of Industrial Marketing, 3(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijim.v3i1.13959

Igwe, A. (2014). Effective Human Resource Management as Tool for Organizational Success. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(39), 210–219.

Jaques, E. (2018). Organizational Leadership Practices. Requisite Organization, January 2001, 269–285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315088846-14.

Kipp. (2008). KIPP: Leadership framework and competency model.

Lierse, S. (2016). Outstanding university lecturers: Ambitious altruists or mavericks of the Academy? Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41(12), 1–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n12.1.

Mine, Y., Hiraishi, H., & Mizoguchi, F. (2001). Collaboration of networked home electronics using multi-agent technology. Annual Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society - NAFIPS, 5(9), 2648–2652. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/nafips.2001.943641.

Mpele Lekhanya, L., & Lucky Dlamini, H. (2017). Customer’s perception towards product quality of automotive SMEs operating in Metropolitan areas, and consideration of environmental impact. Environmental Economics, 8(1), 36–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(1).2017.04.

Mporananayo, N., & Andala, H. O. (2018). Career Guidance and Students’ Academic Performance in Higher Learning Institutions in Rwanda. A Case Study of Nyarugenge District. 23(12), 72–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-2312057280.

Nassazi, A. (2013). Effects of Training On Employee Performance. Evidence from Uganda. Business Economics and Tourism, 57.

Nindiani, A., Hamsal, M., & Purba, H. H. (2018). Product and Service Quality Analysis: An Empirical Study of Customer Satisfaction in a Bakery. Binus Business Review, 9(2), 95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v9i2.4257.

Okoye, P. V. C., & Ezejiofor, R. A. (2013). The Effect of Human Resources Development on Organizational Productivity. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 3(10), 250–268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v3-i10/295.

Organizational Management: (2015). Organizational Management: DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/97816810805051150101.

Park, C. (2003). Engaging students in the learning process: The learning journal. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 27(2), 183–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03098260305675.

Razak, I., Nirwanto, N., & Triatmanto, B. (2016). Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research www.iiste.org ISSN. An International Peer-Reviewed Journal, 30(2012), 59–68.

Revenio C. Jalagat, J. (2017). Leading and Managing People and Organizational Change: Individual and Organizational Benefits and Its Value on Staff Development. Business. Management and Economics Research, 3(8), 146–150.

Russo, D. (2016). Competency Measurement Model. European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 1–29.

Ruttoh, M. J. K. (2015). Planning and Implementation of Guidance and Counseling Activities in Secondary Schools: A Case of Kamariny Division of Keiyo District, Kenya. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(5), 1–5.

Saleem, B. A., Ghafar, A., Ibrahim, M., Yousuf, M., & Ahmed, N. (2015). Product Perceived Quality and Purchase Intention withConsumer Satisfaction. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: E Marketing, 15(1), p21-28.

Saleh, Mohammed, R. M., Nusari, M., Ameen, A., & Alrajawy, I. (2018). Leadership in the organization: A Conceptual Review. International Journal of Management and Human Science (IJMHS), 2(4), 52–59.

Schmidt, F. A. (2017). Digital Labour Markets in the Platform Economy: Mapping the Political Challenges of Crowd Work and Gig Work. Freidrich Ebert Stiftung, March, 1–32.

Shaharudin, J., Angely, G. S. N., Anita, J., & Khin, T. M. (2012). Examining the Product Quality Attributes That Influences Customer Satisfaction Most When the Price Was Discounted: A Case Study in Kuching Sarawak Curtin University of Technology Sarawak Campus. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(23), 221–237.

Sherratt, A. (1991). Sacred and profane substances: the ritual use of narcotics in later Neolithic Europe. Sacred and Profane: Proceedings of a Conference on Archaeology, Ritual and Religion, Oxford 1989, 9519, 50–64. https://doi.org/ISSN: 2230-9519.

Speiser, M., & Lang, P. (2018). Education and’. 2017(May 2017).

Su, F., & Wood, M. (2012). What makes a good university lecturer? Students’ perceptions of teaching excellence. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 4(2), 142–155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17581181211273110.

Sydänmaanlakka, P. (2003). Intelligent leadership and leadership competencies: developing a leadership framework for intelligent organizations.

Thomas, K. (2017). UNIT4. 4. Leadership vs management. Landscape Management, 56(6), 10.

Winterton, J., Delamare-Le Deist, F., & Stringfellow, E. (2006). Typology of knowledge, skills and competences. In Cedefop Reference Series.

https://linklist.bio/violetslototo/