Analysis of Physiological Processes and Acclimatization Training Strategies in Hot and Cold Environmental Temperatures

Harwin Arianto, Panggung Sutapa, Prijo Sudibjo

Abstract


Within the domain of sports science, this research seeks to explore and critically investigate various physiological responses of the human body and acclimatization training strategies in regards to thermal (hot/cold) environmental conditions. The employed method is a descriptive-analytical literature review based on relevant national and international scientific journals. These findings suggest that the human body reacts differently depending on extreme temperatures. Body responses to elevated ambient temperatures include vasodilation, increased sweating, and an increase in cardiovascular workload that can be exacerbated by dehydration [6]. In cold conditions the body responds with vasoconstriction, elevated metabolic rate, and shivering to defend core temperature. Effective acclimatization strategies in hot conditions include gradual training over 7–14 days, progressive intensity increase, proper hydration, and direct exposure to high temperatures. Meanwhile, cold environment strategies involve layered clothing, extended warm-up sessions, gradual adaptation, and high-energy nutritional intake. Optimal acclimatization has been shown to improve energy efficiency, maintain thermal stability, and enhance athletic endurance, while reducing the risk of injury and health complications. Therefore, integrating physiologically based acclimatization strategies is essential to support athletic performance in extreme environmental conditions. 

Keywords


acclimatization; physiology of sport; athletic performance; cold temperature; exercise physiology; heat temperature.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jtikor.v11i1.98827

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