ANALISIS USAHA PARIWISATA DALAM MENGHADAPI RISIKO BENCANA ALAM DI KECAMATAN LEMBANG

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Peluang terjadinya bencana di kawasan wisata alam selalu ada, sehingga ketahanan usaha pariwisata menjadi isu yang penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesiapan usaha pariwisata khususnya UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah) dalam menghadapi potensi bencana di masa yang akan datang. Empat indikator yang digunakan untuk mengklarifikasi yaitu kesiapan UMKM pariwisata, kesadaran dan pemahaman terhadap potensi bencana, aspek bahaya, dan aspek kerentanan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan pemilik usaha pariwisata yang mencakup bidang usaha akomodasi, pusat oleh-oleh, serta usaha perjalanan wisata. Hasil wawancara diubah menjadi transkrip lalu direduksi menghasilkan kode bentuk kesiapan UMKM pariwisata dalam menghadapi bencana sesuai standar Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) dari skala tinggi hingga rendah.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh UMKM mempunyai kesadaran akan potensi bencana pada tingkat sedang. Mayoritas UMKM skala besar memiliki kesiapan yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan UMKM kecil hanya sadar akan adanya potensi bencana. Sementara itu, seluruh UMKM memiliki tingkat kerentanan bencana alam yang tinggi. Secara keseluruhan masih terdapat UMKM baik skala tinggi maupun rendah yang memiliki risiko bencana yang tinggi, sehingga dibutuhkan rencana mitigasi yang melibatkan seluruh stakeholder, melalui koordinasi yang efektif dari pemerintah daerah.

Kata Kunci: Kesiapan menghadapi bencana, risiko bencana, usaha  pariwisata, wisata alam

TOURISM BUSINESS RISK ANALYSIS IN FACING NATURAL DISASTERS IN LEMBANG REGENCY

ABSTRACT

This study aims to identify the readiness of tourism businesses, especially MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) in facing potential natural disasters in the future. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach by using four indicators to analyze the readiness, namely clarification of tourism SMEs, awareness and understanding of potential disasters, aspects of danger, and aspects of vulnerability. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with tourism business owners covering the accommodation business, souvenir centers, and tourist travel businesses. The interview results were changed to the transcript and then reduced to produce a code of tourism MSME readiness in facing disasters according to the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) standards from high to low scale. Drawing conclusions from the findings states that all MSMEs are aware of potential disasters at a moderate level. The majority of MSMEs with more excellent assets and income have better-planned preparation for dealing with disasters in the future. In comparison, MSMEs that have smaller income levels are only aware of the potential for disasters. For the vulnerability level, tourism SMEs in the District of Lembang has a high vulnerability to disasters. The aspects studied to measure the level of vulnerability are economic, social, and physical aspects. From the disaster's risk level, tourism MSMEs that become the research sample have different results from each MSME classification studied. There are three tourism MSMEs included in the micro, small and medium classification at the high-risk level. For medium risks, there are no MSMEs that are included in this level of risk. There are five tourism MSMEs included in the micro and middle classification for the low-risk level. The suggestion that resulted from this research is a disaster prevention action plan whose plans involve all stakeholders, and their implementation is closely monitored.

Keywords: Disaster risk, disaster mitigation, tourism business, tourism SME