Implementation of 3-in-1 Bit-Grid manipulatives kit for scaffolding algebra concepts through applied digital image processing enrichment for mathematics teachers

Trisna Gelar, Aprianti Nanda Sari, Iwan Awaludin, Nurjannah Syakrani, Yudi Widhiyasana, Maisevli Harika

Abstract


Low conceptual understanding of algebra and computer laboratory constraints serve as primary barriers to improving student numeracy literacy. This community service project applies middle school algebra and geometry scaffolding through applied digital image processing (DIP) enrichment in an unplugged manner. The implementation utilized the Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA)-based 3-in-1 Bit-Grid Manipulatives Kit, which integrates Algebra Tiles (variable modeling and Zero Pairs), Tangram (geometric decomposition and rasterization), and 3-Bit Color Tiles (pixel intensity codification from 0 to 7). The activity executed the Mentoring, Demonstration, and Simulation (MDS) model through Training of Trainers (ToT) for 20 teacher representatives from the Sub Rayon 1 Junior High School Mathematics Subject Teacher Forum (MGMP) of Bandung Regency. Teacher cognitive evaluation recorded N-Gain scores of 0.5704 on Day 1 modules and 0.7264 on Day 2 modules. The mean teacher pedagogical efficacy increased from an initial range of 2.13–2.30 to 3.86–4.02 on a 5.00 scale. The MDS-based implementation of the 3-in-1 Bit-Grid Kit demonstrates significant potential to support student learning and equips teachers with readiness for disseminating instructional media.

Keywords


Algebra; Bit-Grid; Digital Image Processing; Manipulatives; Scaffolding;

Full Text:

PDF

References


Antonio, J., and López, N. (2024). Enhancing the acquisition of basic algebraic principles using algebra tiles. 20(7).

Ferreira, J., Pedro, M., and Correia, N. (2015). Geometry in the Real World: Mobile Image Processing for Educational Games. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia, 227–236.

Gelar, T., Firdaus, L. H., dan Rullyana, G. (2026). Peningkatan Kompetensi Abstraksi dan Dekomposisi Computational Thinking Melalui LKPD Digital dan Card Mat Modular bagi Guru SMPN 1 Baleendah. Jurnal Pengabdian UNDIKMA, 7(2), 629–641.

Gerosa, A., Kallia, M., and Cutts, Q. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review on Physical and Action Based Activities in Computing Education for Early Years and Primary. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, September 2023.

Huang, W., and Looi, C. K. (2020). A critical review of literature on “unplugged” pedagogies in K-12 computer science and computational thinking education. Computer Science Education, 00(00), 1–29.

Iyamuremye, E., and Burns, D. (2025). Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract instruction: enhancing students’ learning motivation and achievement in mathematics. Cogent Education, 12(1).

Jagust, T., Krzic, A. S., Gledec, G., Grgic, M., and Bojic, I. (2018). Exploring Different Unplugged Game-like Activities for Teaching Computational Thinking. Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE, 2018-Octob.

Kmetová, M., and Nagyová Lehocká, Z. (2021). Using Tangram as a Manipulative Tool for Transition between 2D and 3D Perception in Geometry. Mathematics, 9(18), 2185.

Lee, J., Lee, J. O., and Collins, D. (2009). Enhancing Children’s Spatial Sense Using Tangrams. Childhood Education, 86(2), 92–94.

Mariana, R. R., and Nurjanah, N. (2023). Teacher Digital Literacy and Instructional Innovation in Southeast Asia: Comparative Insights from Global Educational Systems. Sinergi International Journal of Education, 1(3), 121–137.

Mustopa, R. A., Damamaianti, V. S., Mulyati, Y., and Anshori, D. S. (2024). Challenges of Reading Literacy Assessment in the Digital Age (Issue Icollite 2023, pp. 408–416). Atlantis Press International BV.

Natsupakpong, S., and Suksawang, S. (2024). Learning Image Processing Contents Through Game (pp. 47–57).

Pan, Q., Reichert, F., Liang, Q., de la Torre, J., and Law, N. (2025). Measuring digital literacy across ages and over time: Development and validation of a performance-based assessment. Education and Information Technologies, 30(15), 22065–22100.

Puput Tri Anggara, and Herman Dwi Surjono. (2023). Using Multimedia Interactive Learning Informatics Materials in Junior High Schools on Increasing Students’ Cognitive Abilities. Journal of Education Technology, 7(3), 572–580.

Reddy, P., Chaudhary, K., and Hussein, S. (2023). A digital literacy model to narrow the digital literacy skills gap. Heliyon, 9(4), e14878.

Reinschlüssel, A., Alexandrovsky, D., Döring, T., Kraft, A., Braukmüller, M., Janßen, T., Reid, D., Vallejo, E., Bikner-ahsbahs, A., and Malaka, R. (2018). Multimodal Algebra Learning : From Math Manipulatives to Tangible User Interfaces. 17(3), 201–209.

Sala-Sebastià, G., Breda, A., Seckel, M. J., Farsani, D., and Alsina, À. (2023). Didactic–Mathematical–Computational Knowledge of Future Teachers When Solving and Designing Robotics Problems. Axioms, 12(2).

Sari, A. N., Gelar, T., Firdaus, L. H., Hayati, H., and Hodijah, A. (2024). Training development of instructional design teaching materials based educational robots with ADDIE method in SMP Negeri 1 Baleendah. TEKMULOGI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 4(2), 107–122.

Sari, A. N., Gelar, T., Hayati, H., Firdaus, L. H., Hodijah, A., dan Alifi, M. R. (2024). Pelatihan Pembelajaran Computational Thinking Untuk Guru SMP 1 Negeri Baleendah. ABDIMAS IPTEK, 4(1), 50.

Stemele, B. P., and Jina Asvat, Z. (2024). Exploring Learner Errors and Misconceptions in Algebraic Expressions with Grade 9 Learners Through the use of Algebra Tiles. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 28(1), 153–170.

Su, J., and Yang, W. (2023). A systematic review of integrating computational thinking in early childhood education. Computers and Education Open, 4(January), 100122.

Videnovik, M., Vold, T., Kiønig, L., Madevska Bogdanova, A., and Trajkovik, V. (2023). Game-based learning in computer science education: a scoping literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 10(1).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/tmg.v6i2.105910

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Tekmulogi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 
(e-ISSN:2777-0990 | p-ISSN:2777-1199) published by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Kampus UPI di Cibiru.


 Indexed by.