Strategi Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak Disabilitas

Abstract

Children with disabilities are a highly vulnerable group with a significantly higher risk of becoming victims of sexual violence compared to their non-disabled peers. Their physical, intellectual, sensory, and communication limitations hinder their ability to report abuse or protect themselves. This study aims to identify and formulate preventive strategies against sexual violence targeting children with disabilities through a literature review approach. Data sources were collected from scientific journals, official reports from institutions such as KPAI and KND, as well as relevant policy documents. The findings reveal that effective prevention strategies include reproductive health education tailored to the child’s specific needs, empowerment through self-protection skills training, and training for parents and caregivers to recognize signs of sexual abuse. Capacity building for teachers and educators is also essential. In addition, creating a child-friendly and safe environment, and enforcing legal protections based on laws such as Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities and Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS) are crucial. These strategies must be implemented collaboratively by families, schools, communities, and governments to build an inclusive and responsive protection system. Thus, children with disabilities can live safely and with dignity, and grow and develop optimally without fear of becoming victims of sexual violence.

Anak penyandang disabilitas merupakan kelompok rentan yang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi menjadi korban kekerasan seksual dibandingkan anak non-disabilitas. Keterbatasan fisik, intelektual, sensorik, dan komunikasi membuat mereka kesulitan dalam menyampaikan pengalaman kekerasan atau melindungi diri sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan merumuskan strategi pencegahan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak disabilitas melalui pendekatan studi literatur. Sumber data diperoleh dari jurnal ilmiah, laporan institusi resmi seperti KPAI dan KND, serta dokumen kebijakan yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pencegahan efektif mencakup edukasi kesehatan reproduksi yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi anak disabilitas, pemberdayaan melalui pelatihan keterampilan perlindungan diri, pelatihan bagi orang tua dan pengasuh untuk mengenali tanda-tanda kekerasan seksual, serta peningkatan kapasitas guru dan tenaga pendidik. Selain itu, diperlukan penciptaan lingkungan yang ramah anak, serta penegakan hukum yang tegas berdasarkan regulasi seperti UU No. 8 Tahun 2016 dan UU TPKS No. 12 Tahun 2022. Strategi-strategi ini harus dilakukan secara kolaboratif oleh keluarga, sekolah, masyarakat, dan pemerintah agar tercipta sistem perlindungan yang inklusif dan responsif. Dengan demikian, anak penyandang disabilitas dapat hidup dengan aman, bermartabat, serta tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal tanpa rasa takut menjadi korban kekerasan seksual.