FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT MENJADI GURU PADA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN TATA BUSANA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG

Abstract

This study is motivated by the tendency of some graduates of the Family Welfare Education Study Program, Fashion Design Concentration, Universitas Negeri Padang, to choose careers in the fashion industry and entrepreneurship rather than the teaching profession. This study aims to analyze the interest of undergraduate students in the Family Welfare Education Study Program, Fashion Design Concentration, FPP UNP, in becoming teachers and the factors influencing their interest. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The research informants consisted of 21 undergraduate students from the Family Welfare Education Study Program, Fashion Design Concentration, FPP UNP, comprising 3 students from the 2020 cohort and 18 students from the 2021 cohort, selected through purposive sampling based on the criteria of being actively enrolled during the January–June 2026 period and having completed the Educational Field Practice (PLK). The number of informants was determined based on the principle of data saturation, which was achieved with the 18th informant. Interviews were continued until 21 informants to confirm the consistency of the findings. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and were analyzed through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing and verification. The trustworthiness of the data was established through source triangulation, technique triangulation, member checking, and prolonged engagement. The findings indicate that the interest of undergraduate students from the Family Welfare Education (PKK) Study Program, Fashion Design Concentration, FPP UNP, cohorts of 2020 and 2021, in pursuing a teaching career demonstrates a dynamic pattern. This dynamic is reflected in the differing trajectories of interest development among the participants. Some participants experienced an increase in their interest in becoming teachers, while others showed a decline or uncertainty, whereas the remaining participants maintained their existing interest in teaching or their previously established career choices. These patterns of interest development were examined across three stages: before the Field Experience Program (PLK), during the PLK, and after the PLK, providing a chronological framework for understanding changes in students' career interests. However, students' interest in becoming teachers was influenced not only by their experiences during the PLK but also by their perceptions of teachers' workload and welfare, their vocational competencies, career opportunities in the fashion industry and entrepreneurship, as well as support from their families and social environment. Thus, the development of students' interest in pursuing a teaching career emerged through a process of considering multiple factors related to their experiences, competencies, perceptions of the teaching profession, and personal career aspirations.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kecenderungan sebagian lulusan Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Konsentrasi Tata Busana Universitas Negeri Padang untuk memilih berkarier di  industri fashion dan kewirausahaan dibandingkan profesi guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk menganalisis minat mahasiswa S1 PKK Konsentrasi Tata Busana FPP UNP menjadi guru dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Informan penelitian terdiri atas 21 mahasiswa S1 PKK Konsentrasi Tata Busana FPP UNP, yang terdiri atas 3 mahasiswa angkatan 2020 dan 18 mahasiswa angkatan 2021 yang dipilih secara purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria masih aktif periode Januari-Juni 2026 dan telah mengikuti Praktik Lapangan Kependidikan (PLK). Jumlah informan ditentukan berdasarkan prinsip data saturation, yang tercapai pada informan ke-18. Wawancara dilanjutkan hingga 21 informan untuk mengonfirmasi konsistensi temuan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Keabsahan data diuji melalui triangulasi sumber, triangulasi teknik, member check, dan ketekunan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat mahasiswa S1 PKK Konsentrasi Tata Busana FPP UNP angkatan 2020 dan 2021 menjadi guru menunjukkan dinamika. Dinamika tersebut ditunjukkan oleh adanya perbedaan pola perkembangan minat pada setiap informan. Sebagian informan mengalami peningkatan minat, sebagian mengalami penurunan atau keraguan, sedangkan sebagian lainnya tetap mempertahankan minat maupun pilihan karier yang telah dimiliki. Pola perkembangan tersebut ditelusuri berdasarkan kondisi sebelum PLK, selama PLK, dan setelah PLK sebagai urutan waktu untuk memahami perubahan minat mahasiswa Namun, minat tersebut tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman selama PLK, tetapi juga oleh persepsi terhadap beban kerja dan kesejahteraan guru, kompetensi vokasional, peluang karier di bidang fashion dan kewirausahaan, serta dukungan keluarga dan lingkungan sosial. Dengan demikian, minat menjadi guru berkembang melalui proses pertimbangan berbagai faktor yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman, kompetensi, persepsi terhadap profesi guru, dan aspirasi mahasiswa.