PENGARUH MORDAN TERHADAP HASIL PENCELUPAN KAIN KATUN PRIMISSIMA MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK DAUN RAMBUTAN (NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM L.)
Abstract
The use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry continues to pose environmental challenges because their wastewater is difficult to biodegrade, potentially contaminating aquatic ecosystems and posing risks to human health. With the growing adoption of the concepts of green textiles and sustainable development, natural dyes have emerged as a more environmentally friendly alternative due to their biodegradable nature and renewable sources. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different mordants, namely alum, slaked lime, and ferrous sulfate, on the dyeing performance of primissima cotton fabric using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) leaf extract, as evaluated based on color hue, color uniformity, and color fastness to washing. This experimental study employed primary data collected from assessments by 18 panelists, comprising three expert panelists and fifteen trained panelists. The data were analyzed using the Friedman K-Related Samples test in SPSS software. The results showed that dyeing without a mordant produced a Golden Sundae color (RGB 198, 166, 108; Hex #C2A66C), alum mordant produced Pale Golden (RGB 235, 216, 169; Hex #EBD8A9), slaked lime mordant produced Off-White (RGB 230, 210, 197; Hex #E6D2C5), and ferrous sulfate mordant produced Olive (RGB 128, 126, 97; Hex #807E61). The highest color uniformity was achieved in the treatments without a mordant and with alum mordant, whereas the best washing color fastness was obtained with the alum mordant. The Friedman K-Related Samples test indicated that the type of mordant had a statistically significant effect on both color uniformity and washing color fastness (p < 0.05). Therefore, the selection of an appropriate mordant plays a crucial role in improving the dyeing quality of cotton fabric dyed with rambutan leaf extract.
Penggunaan zat warna sintetis dalam industri tekstil masih menjadi permasalahan lingkungan karena limbahnya sulit terurai dan berpotensi mencemari perairan serta membahayakan kesehatan. Seiring berkembangnya konsep green textile dan sustainable development, pewarna alami menjadi alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan karena bersifat biodegradable dan berasal dari sumber daya terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan mordan tawas, kapur sirih, dan tunjung terhadap hasil pencelupan kain katun primissima menggunakan ekstrak daun rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) berdasarkan nama warna (hue), kerataan warna, dan ketahanan luntur terhadap pencucian. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen dengan data primer yang diperoleh dari penilaian 18 panelis, terdiri atas 3 panelis ahli dan 15 panelis terlatih. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Friedman K-Related Samples melalui program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanpa mordan dihasilkan warna Golden Sundae R198 G166 B108 dan kode warna #C2A66C, mordan tawas menghasilkan Pale Golden R235 G216 B169 dan kode warna #EBD8A9, kapur sirih menghasilkan Off-White R230 G210 B197 dan kode warna #E6D2C5, dan tunjung menghasilkan Olive R128 G126 B097 dan kode warna #807E61 . Kerataan warna terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan tanpa mordan dan mordan tawas, sedangkan ketahanan luntur terhadap pencucian terbaik diperoleh pada mordan tawas. Hasil uji Friedman K-Related Sample menunjukkan bahwa jenis mordan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kerataan warna dan ketahanan luntur (p<0,05). Dengan demikian, pemilihan jenis mordan berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hasil pencelupan kain katun menggunakan ekstrak daun rambutan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/e.v25i3.103722
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