Population and Housing Density as Determinants of Tuberculosis Distribution: Evidence from Spatial and Statistical Analysis

Alnidi Safarach Bratanegara, Zahra Herfiana, Iqbal Eko Noviandi

Abstract


Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, influenced by environmental and demographic factors such as population density and housing density. This study aims to analyze the statistical relationship between population density, housing density, and tuberculosis cases in Rancaekek Subdistrict, Bandung Regency, in 2024. A quantitative cross-sectional correlational design was applied using village-level data (n = 14 villages). Population density data were obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, housing density was derived from Google Earth image digitization, and tuberculosis case data were collected from public health centers. Pearson correlation analysis was performed using SPSS, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used for spatial visualization. The results show a very strong and significant positive correlation between population density and tuberculosis cases (r = 0.976, p < 0.001) and between housing density and tuberculosis cases (r = 0.981, p < 0.001). Spatial visualization confirms that areas with higher density tend to have higher tuberculosis incidence. These findings indicate that population density and housing density are important determinants of tuberculosis distribution at the village level. The integration of statistical analysis and spatial visualization provides useful evidence to support targeted public health interventions.

 


Keywords


Tuberculosis; Pearson Correlation; Spatial Epidemiology; Population Density; Housing Density.

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/gea.v26i1,%20April.97831

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.17509/gea.v26i1.97831.g36239

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