Evaluation of Biophilic Architecture Application and User Perception: A Case Study of Tanatap Ampera Cafe, Jakarta

Abstract

The rapid urbanization of Jakarta has reduced the availability of green open spaces, increasing the need for architectural approaches that reconnect urban communities with nature. Biophilic architecture has emerged as a promising strategy to improve users' spatial experience and psychological wellbeing within commercial environments. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of biophilic architectural elements at Tanatap Ampera Café, Jakarta, and examine their influence on users' spatial experience and revisit intention. A quantitative associative approach was employed using observation, documentation, questionnaires, and semistructured interviews. The implementation of the 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design was assessed through observations conducted in eleven spatial zones, while users' perceptions were collected from 38 active visitors using purposive sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis and Spearman's Rank Correlation were applied to evaluate the relationship between biophilic architectural elements and spatial experience. The results indicate that Dynamic and Diffuse Light (mean = 4.71), Visual Connection with Nature (mean = 4.42), and Biomorphic Forms and Patterns (mean = 4.33) were the highest-rated biophilic patterns. Spearman's analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between biophilic architecture implementation and users' spatial experience (rₛ = 0.393; p = 0.029), indicating that improvements in biophilic design contribute to enhanced physical comfort, psychological restoration, and environmental perception. This study provides empirical evidence that the systematic integration of biophilic design principles not only enhances environmental quality but also strengthens users' emotional attachment and behavioral responses.