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ARSITEKTUR MESJID SEBAGAI ADAPTASI DAN ORIENTASI RUANG DALAM BUDAYA SASAK, STUDI KASUS DESA KOPANG, LOMBOK TENGAH
Abstract
Abstract: Lombok referred to as “The Island of Thousand Mosques”, but more than that, there are around 9000 mosques in 518 Lombok villages with became the center of residential orientation. The traditional residential pattern of Kopang Village in central Lombok, as other Sasak residence in general, formed by values that bind its poeple in a culturalspace with a social system of kinship which then forms a distinctive environmental pattern. Sasak cultural space structure was formed as it is based on a worldview which became a way of life. The way of life of Sasak people in Kopang village is a concrete form of cultural values which makes mosque architecture as the center of the residential orientation pattern. Each of the cluster pattern is a residence formed by a relationship of structured activities from the people with the mosque. Before becoming identical with Islam, the old Sasak community which called Sasak Lebung used natural objects such as mountains, springs, and large trees as a marker and center of mythic-dynamism cultural and space orientation. After becoming Islam, Sasak people adapt the concept of space and make the mosque as the center of mythic-religious cultural and space orientation. This research using qualitative analytical descriptive method with environmental culture-based approach by considering the artifacts of the mosque with te residential environment in relation to the Sasak cosmology. Mosque architecture becomes very dominant role to represent culture and its symbolic meaning in cultural space of Sasak.
Keywords : mosque, adaptive, orientation, Sasak culture, Kopang village.
Abstrak : Lombok disebut sebagai “Pulau seribu mesjid” padahal lebih dari itu, dari 518 desa terdapat didalamnya 9000 an mesjid yang menjadi pusat orientasi hunian. Pola hunian tradisional desa Kopang di Lombok Tengah sebagaimana umumnya hunian Sasak terbentuk oleh tata nilai yang mengikat masyarakatnya dalam suatu ruang budaya dengan sistem sosial kekerabatan yang kemudian membentuk pola lingkungan khas. Terbentuknya struktur ruang budaya Sasak karena dilandasi oleh cara pandang terhadap dunia yang menjadi semacam jalan kehidupan. Cara hidup masyarakat Sasak di desa Kopang adalah bentuk kongkrit nilai-nilai budayanya yang menjadikan Arsitektur Mesjid pusat orientasi hunian sehingga membentuk pola hunian kantong yang khas. Tiap pola kantong tersebut merupakan hunian yang terbentuk oleh hubungan kegiatan terstruktur masyarakatnya dengan mesjid. Sebelum menjadi identik dengan Islam, masyarakat Sasak lama disebut Sasak Lebung menggunakan objek alam seperti gunung, mata air dan pohon besar sebagai penanda dan pusat orientasi ruang budaya yang mitis-dinamisme. Setelah menjadi Islam masyarakat Sasak melakukan adaptasi konsep ruang dan menjadikan mesjid sebagai pusat orientasi ruang budaya yang mitis-religius. Penelitian ini secara umum menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis-kualitatif berbasis pendekatan budaya lingkungan dengan mempertimbangkan artefak mesjid menjadi fokus penelitian sebagai fenomena budaya. Hasil penelitian ini menguraikan keterkaitan mesjid dengan lingkungan ruang hunian dalam kaitannya dengan kosmologi Sasak. Arsitektur mesjid menjadi sangat dominan berperan merepresentasikan budaya dan makna simboliknya di dalam ruang budaya masyarakat Sasak.
Kata kunci : mesjid, adaptasi, orientasi,budaya Sasak,desa Kopang.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v1i1.11737
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