TYPOLOGY AND HERITAGE PRESERVATION: TRACING HISTORICAL LAYERS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS IN GARUT REGENCY

Yan Nurcahya, Deri Sugiarto, Teddiansyah Nata Negara, Muhammad Utari, M Kautsar Thariq Syah, Ajid Thohir, Wawan Hernawan

Abstract


Architectural heritage buildings serve as tangible evidence of historical processes and cultural transformation within a region. Garut Regency, as one of the historical centers in West Java, possesses a diverse range of cultural heritage buildings that reflect successive historical layers, including traditional Sundanese architecture, colonial influences, and early post-independence developments. This study aims to analyze the architectural typology of cultural heritage buildings in Garut Regency and to examine their role in tracing historical layers while identifying challenges and strategies for heritage preservation. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a historical-architectural approach. Data were collected through field observations, architectural documentation, archival sources, and relevant literature. Typological analysis was conducted by examining building functions, spatial organization, construction techniques, materials, and stylistic elements. The findings indicate that cultural heritage buildings in Garut Regency can be classified into several dominant typologies, such as religious buildings, colonial administrative structures, residential architecture, and public facilities, each representing distinct socio-political and cultural phases. These typologies demonstrate the dynamic interaction between local traditions and external influences, particularly during the colonial and early modern periods. Furthermore, the study reveals that heritage preservation efforts in Garut Regency face significant challenges, including functional transformation, limited legal protection, and insufficient public awareness. Nevertheless, architectural typology provides an effective analytical framework for understanding historical continuity and change, as well as for formulating context-sensitive preservation strategies. This research contributes to the discourse on architectural heritage studies by emphasizing the importance of typological analysis in integrating historical interpretation with sustainable conservation practices at the regional level.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v9i1.92489

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