ANALYSIS OF NATURAL LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION AND VISUAL COMFORT IN TAHFIDZ CLASSROOMS

Abstract

Natural lighting plays an important role in classroom design because it influences students’ visual comfort and learning performance, particularly in Tahfidz classrooms where reading and memorization activities are carried out intensively. However, adequate illuminance levels do not always ensure visual comfort when lighting distribution within the room is uneven. This study aims to analyze the distribution of natural lighting in a Tahfidz classroom and evaluate its implications for students’ visual comfort. A quantitative approach was employed through field measurements using a lux meter at multiple points arranged in a grid pattern at a working-plane height of 84 cm from the floor. The measurements were supported by direct observations of classroom visual conditions during learning activities. The collected data were analyzed descriptively using minimum illuminance (Emin), maximum illuminance (Emax), average illuminance (Eavg), and lighting uniformity values, then compared with the classroom lighting standard based on SNI 6197:2020. The results indicate that illuminance levels ranged from 175 lux to 497 lux, with an average value of 320 lux, which is below the recommended minimum standard of 350 lux. The lighting uniformity ratio was 0.35, indicating non-uniform light distribution across the classroom. Areas near openings received higher illuminance, while deeper zones experienced insufficient lighting. Although no glare complaints were identified, uneven lighting distribution may increase visual adaptation load and reduce students’ visual comfort. The study concludes that improving classroom lighting quality should prioritize distribution strategies, including spatial configuration, reflective materials, and integrated natural-artificial lighting systems.