Penggunaan Papain untuk Meningkatkan Stabilitas dan Efektivitas Pakan Ikan
Abstract
Fish feed is a critical component in aquaculture, providing essential nutrients for growth and health. A significant challenge in fish feed production is creating a stable product during storage that also enhances digestion and nutrient absorption in fish. The utilization of papain, a proteolytic enzyme derived from Carica papaya, offers a promising solution. Papain hydrolyzes proteins into simpler compounds such as peptides and amino acids, making them more digestible for fish. This study aims to investigate the impact of incorporating papain into fish feed on its overall stability and efficacy. A qualitative descriptive research method was employed, utilizing a literature review approach. Data were collected and analyzed from various relevant sources, including scientific journals, research articles, books, and research reports. The findings reveal that the addition of papain to fish feed significantly improves digestive efficiency, evidenced by increased digestive enzyme activity in fish. Enhanced digestion supports better fish growth and reduces the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Additionally, papain's antimicrobial properties bolster fish immune systems against diseases. Incorporating papain into feed formulations also improves nutritional stability, preventing protein degradation during storage and reducing feed waste. This study suggests that papain holds potential as a natural feed additive solution for aquaculture. Enhanced digestibility, growth, and fish health attributable to papain can boost aquaculture productivity. However, further research is required to optimize its application.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Boell, S. K., & Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2015). On being ‘systematic’ in literature reviews in IS. Journal of Information Technology: 30(2), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2014.26.
Chen, S., Maulu, S., Wang, J., Xie, X., Liang, X., Wang, H., Wang, J., & Xue, M. (2023). The application of protease in aquaculture: Prospects for enhancing the aquafeed industry. Animal Nutrition: 16, 105-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu. 2023.11.001.
Das, A. P., & Biswas, S. P. (2020). The effect of ripe papaya (Carica papaya), as natural carotenoids meal on body pigmentation and growth performance in banded gourami, Trichogaster fasciata. International Journal of Aquatic Biology: 8(2), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJAB.V8I2.782.
Fakoya, S., Aderoboye, O. Y., & Olusola, S. E. (2023). Phytobiotics effects of pawpaw (Carica papaya) leaves and fluted pumpkin (Telferia ocidentalis) leaves extracts against certain aquatic pathogens. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angeles): 8(1), 1000328. https://doi.org/10.35248/2167-0412.19.8.328.
FAO. (2022). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2022. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/publications.
Firdaus, M. S. I., & Mukti, R. C. (2021). Utilization of papaya leaves (Carica papaya) in feed on growth of catfish (Clarias sp.) in Muara Enim, South Sumatera. International Journal of Tropical Aquatic Sciences: 4(1), 50–56. https://doi.org/10.22219/IJOTA.V4I1.14453.
Hussain, S. M., Bano, A. A., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Adrees, M., Zahoor, A. F., Sarker, P. K., Hussain, M., Arsalan, M. Z.-U.-H., Yong, J. W. H., & Naeem, A. (2023). Substitution of fishmeal: Highlights of potential plant protein sources for aquaculture sustainability. Heliyon: 10, e26573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26573.
Kirimi, J. G., Musalia, L. M., Munguti, J. M., & Magana, A. (2023). Carcass fatty acid composition and sensory properties of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed on oilseed meals with crude papain enzyme. East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation: 3(4). https://doi.org/10.37425/eajsti.v3i4.446.
Kitchenham, B., Brereton, P., Budgen, D., Turner, M., Bailey, J., & Linkman, S. (2009). Systematic literature reviews in software engineering–A systematic literature review. Information and Software Technology: 51(1), 7-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2008.09.009.
Mic Salomiya A, Jenifer JS, Ajitha R, Dobina Sherin D, Sahaya Shalu S, Mary Mettilda Bai S and Vinoliya Josephine Mary J. (2023). Effect of dietary supplementation of papaya leaf on growth and feeding bioenergetics of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies: 11(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2023.v11.i2b.2794.
Maas, R. M., Deng, Y., Dersjant-Li, Y., Petit, J., Verdegem, M. C. J., Schrama, J. W., & Kokou, F. (2023). Exogenous enzymes and probiotics alter digestion kinetics, volatile fatty acid content, and microbial interactions in the gut of Nile tilapia. Scientific Reports: 11, 8221. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87408-3.
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine: 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2010). A guide to conducting a systematic literature review of information systems research. Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems: 10(26). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1954824.
Omeje, V. O., Lambrechts, H., & Brink, D. (2020). Use of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed in tilapia sex reversal. Reviews in Agricultural Science: 8, 230–242. https://dx.doi.org/10.7831/ras.8.0_230.
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal: 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.
Paldi, E., & Deswati, L. (2014). Pemberian tepung getah pepaya dalam pakan terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan larva ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus Burchell). Jurnal Perikanan Tropis: 4(1). https://ejurnal.bunghatta.ac.id/index.php/FPIK/article/view/3007.
Radwan, M., Darweesh, K. F., Ghanem, S. F., Abdelhadi, Y. M., Kareem, Z. H., Christianus, A., Karim, M., Waheed, R. M., & El- Sharkawy, M. A. (2023). Regulatory roles of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed extract on growth performance, sexual maturity, and health status with resistance against bacteria and parasites in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture International: 31, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-023-01094-8.
Rahayu, E., Dewantoro, E., Farida, F., & Hadiarti, D. (2023). Efektivitas ekstrak biji pepaya (Carica papaya) terhadap kesembuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii) yang diinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Jurnal Ruaya: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan: 11(2). https://doi.org/10.29406/jr.v11i2.5704.
Rachmawati, D., Hutabarat, J., Dewi, E. N., & Windarto, S. (2023). Pengaruh penambahan enzim bromelin pada pakan terhadap kecernaan protein, efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, dan pertumbuhan udang windu Penaeus monodon. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis: 23(2), 265-274. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i2.7578.
Rachmawati, D., Samidjan, I., & Hutabarat, J. (2023). The effects of exogenous papain enzyme in the feed on growth and blood profiles of Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias sp.). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: 530, 012037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/530/1/012037.
Rostika, R., Rizal, A., Dewanti, L. P., & Ismail, M. R. (2018). Engineering of papaya simplicia powder in different sizes for grouper fish (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus lanceolatus) feed. Journal of Tropical Aquatic and Fishery Management: 1(2), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.29253/JPTAFM.V1I2.28.
Schneider, T. L., & Lazzari, R. (2023). Nutritional implications of exogenous proteases in fish feeding. Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha: 28(1), 70-93. https://doi.org/10.36812/pag.202228170-93.
Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a systematic review: A best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology: 70, 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803.
Simanjuntak, R., Husni, S., & Cahyadi, J. (2022). Bioenrichment of papaya leaf meal (Carica papaya) with different feed formulations to increase Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: 1083(1), 012089. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1083/1/012089.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research: 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.
Somdare, P. O., Hamid, N. A., & Sul’ain, M. D. (2023). Effect of different forms of Carica papaya leaf processing techniques on growth, body indices, and survival rate of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: 1221, 012031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1221/1/012031.
Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence‐informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management: 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375.
Wiszniewski, G., Jarmołowicz, S., Hassaan, M. S., Soaudy, M. R., Kamaszewski, M., Szudrowicz, H., ... & Siwicki, A. K. (2023). Beneficial effects of dietary papain supplementation in juvenile sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus). Aquaculture Reports: 22, 100923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100923.
Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research: 39(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X17723971.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijom.v6i1.84159
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
11.png){kind=logo}
.png){kind=logo}
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
p-ISSN: 2722-1946 , e-ISSN: 2722-4260