Effects of Anaerobic Fatigue on Biomechanical Variable Changes in Softball Batting Techniques

Tono Haryono, Agus Rusdiana, Angga M Syahid, Iwa Ikhwan Hidayat, Tian Kurniawan, Muhammad Naufal Abdurahman

Abstract


Softball is a sport that requires a good coordination between physical and technical aspects. Anaerobic fatigue can be a factor affecting the execution of softball batting techniques. However, an in-depth understanding of the impact of anaerobic fatigue on biomechanical variables in the batting technique context is still under-explored. This study aimed to identify and analyze the effect of anaerobic fatigue on changes in biomechanical variables in softball batting techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how anaerobic fatigue affects key biomechanical variables in softball batting techniques. This information is expected to provide additional insight into the importance of anaerobic fitness in improving the performance of softball athletes. This study used experimental method with a pretest-posttest design. The subjects were experienced softball players selected using purposive sampling. Anaerobic fatigue was induced using a high-intensity training protocol. The biomechanical variables measured included bat swing speed, swing angle, and shot precision. Measurements were taken before and after the training. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test to examine significant changes. The study showed that anaerobic fatigue had a significant effect on key biomechanical variables in softball batting techniques. There was a significant decrease in bat swing speed and batting precision after anaerobic fatigue. The average bat swing speed before fatigue was 3.60 m/s, which decreased to 2.14 m/s after fatigue. In addition, the swing angle and batting precision also showed significant changes, with a lower left knee angle approaching the ground in the pre-fatigue group. This study found empirical evidence supporting the effect of anaerobic fatigue on biomechanical variables in softball batting technique. These results provide an important contribution to the general understanding of the relationship between anaerobic fatigue and technical performance in softball. Therefore, athlete trainings and preparations need to pay attention to anaerobic fitness aspects to maintain optimal performance during the game.


Keywords


anaerobic fatigue, batting techniques, biomechanical variable, softball

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aquino, M., Petrizzo, J., Otto, R. M., & Wygand, J. (2022). The impact of fatigue on performance and biomechanical variables—A narrative review with prospective methodology. Biomechanics, 2(4), 513-524.

Balsalobre-Fernández, C., Glaister, M., & Lockey, R. A. (2015). The validity and reliability of an iPhone app for measuring vertical jump performance. Journal of sports sciences, 33(15), 1574-1579.

Bartlett, R. (2014). Introduction to sports biomechanics: Analysing human movement patterns. Routledge.

Bateni, H., Leno, G., Manjarres, R., Ouellette, B., & Wolber, M. (2013). Effect of Cardiovascular Fatigue on Postural Stability. international journal of athletic therapy & training, 18(5).

Dowling, B., & Fleisig, G. S. (2016). Kinematic comparison of baseball batting off of a tee among various competition levels. Sports biomechanics, 15(3), 255-269.

Erickson, B. J., Sgori, T., Chalmers, P. N., Vignona, P., Lesniak, M., Bush-Joseph, C. A., ... & Romeo, A. A. (2016). The impact of fatigue on baseball pitching mechanics in adolescent male pitchers. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 32(5), 762-771.

Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Barrentine, S. W., Zheng, N., & Andrews, J. R. (1998). Kinematic comparisons of throwing different types of baseball pitches. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 14(1), 1-23.

Flyger, N., Button, C., & Rishiraj, N. (2006). The science of softball: implications for performance and injury prevention. Sports medicine, 36, 797-816.

Gilgen-Ammann, R., Schweizer, T., & Wyss, T. (2019). RR interval signal quality of a heart rate monitor and an ECG Holter at rest and during exercise. European journal of applied physiology, 119(7), 1525-1532.

Girard, O., Brocherie, F., & Bishop, D. J. (2015). Sprint performance under heat stress: a review. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 25, 79-89.

Haugen, T. A., Tønnessen, E., & Seiler, S. (2012). Speed and countermovement-jump characteristics of elite female soccer players, 1995–2010. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 7(4), 340-349.

Horiuchi, G., & Nakashima, H. (2022). Torso dynamics during follow through in baseball batting. Sports Biomechanics, 1-11.

Hultman, E., & Greenhaff, P. L. (1991). Skeletal muscle energy metabolism and fatigue during intense exercise in man. Science Progress (1933-), 361-370.

Inoue, K., Uematsu, M., Maruoka, H., Hara, K., Kanemura, N., Masuda, T., & Morita, S. (2013). Influence of lower limb muscle fatigue on balance function. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(3), 331-335.

Jun, S. K., Zhou, X., Ramsey, D. K., & Krovi, V. N. (2013, June). A comparative study of human motion capture and computational analysis tools. In 2nd International Digital Human Modelling Symposium (pp. 11-13).

Matt, T., & Moore, S. (2020). Early sports specialization in collegiate softball players: The perspective of players and coaches. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 30(2).

Messier, S. P., & Owen, M. G. (1984). Bat dynamics of female fast pitch softball batters. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 55(2), 141-145.

Milanovich, M., & Nesbit, S. M. (2014). A three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic study of the college-level female softball swing. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(1), 180.

Mohammad, H. (2022). Pengembangan Alat Spin Ball Untuk Batting Softball. Journal of Physical Activity and Sports (JPAS), 3(3), 147-150.

Nissen, C. W., Westwell, M., Õunpuu, S., Patel, M., Solomito, M., & Tate, J. (2009). A biomechanical comparison of the fastball and curveball in adolescent baseball pitchers. The American journal of sports medicine, 37(8), 1492-1498.

Oliver, G. D., Plummer, H., Henning, L., Saper, M., Glimer, G., Brambeck, A., & Andrews, J. R. (2019). Effects of a simulated game on upper extremity pitching mechanics and muscle activations among various pitch types in youth baseball pitchers. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, 39(8), 387-393.

Puig-Diví, A., Padullés-Riu, J. M., Busquets-Faciaben, A., Padullés-Chando, X., Escalona-Marfil, C., & Marcos-Ruiz, D. (2017). Validity and reliability of the kinovea program in obtaining angular and distance dimensions. Preprints.

Río-Rodríguez, D., Iglesias-Soler, E., & Fernandez del Olmo, M. (2016). Set configuration in resistance exercise: muscle fatigue and cardiovascular effects. PLoS One, 11(3), e0151163.

Saraya, A. (2018). Anthropometric Factors and Physical Condition Dominant Determinants Batting Skills in Softball. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 3(1), 74-81.

Sun, X., Xia, R., Zhang, X., Zhen, L., & Fu, W. (2019). Fatigue alters the biomechanical contribution of lower extremity joints during a stretch-shortening cycle task. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 21(2), 11-19.

Szymanski, D. J., Szymanski, J. M., Bradford, T. J., Schade, R. L., & Pascoe, D. D. (2007). Effect of twelve weeks of medicine ball training on high school baseball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(3), 894-901.

Tago, T., Ae, M., Fujii, N., Koike, S., & Kawamura, T. (2006). Effects of inside and outside hitting point on joint angular kinematics in baseball batting. Japanese Journal of Biomechanics, 10 (4), 222-234.

Tago, T., Ae, M., & Koike, S. (2005). The trunk twist angle during baseball batting at the different hitting points. In Poster session presented at International Society of Biomechanics XXth Congress, Cleveland, OH.

Washington, J., & Oliver, G. (2018). Kinematic differences between hitting off a tee versus front toss in collegiate softball players. International Biomechanics, 5(1), 30-35.

Werner, S. L., Guido, J. A., McNeice, R. P., Richardson, J. L., Delude, N. A., & Stewart, G. W. (2005). Biomechanics of youth windmill softball pitching. The American journal of sports medicine, 33(4), 552-560.

Woo-kwang, C., Sun-janng, L., & Ju-sik, P. (2020). Analysis of the Relation between Female SOFTBALL PLAYERS Field Test and Anaerobic Exercise Ability and Isokinetic Muscle Function. Kinesiology, 5(1), 11-20.

Yu, P., Gong, Z., Meng, Y., Baker, J. S., István, B., & Gu, Y. (2020). The acute influence of running-induced fatigue on the performance and biomechanics of a countermovement jump. Applied Sciences, 10(12), 4319.

Zult, T., Goodall, S., Thomas, K., Hortobagyi, T., Howatson, G., Zoghi, M., Pearce, S. L., Nordstrom, M. A., Zheng, X., Alsop, D. C. D., Schlaug, G., Zehr, E. P., Stein, R. B., Yin, H. H., Knowlton, B. J. B. B. J., Yao, W., Fuglevand, R. J., Enoka, R. M., Xiao, G., … A. (2014). Evaluación Detallada Evaluación Detallada. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 115(1).




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v9i2.74652

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Tono Haryono, Agus Rusdiana, Angga M Syahid, Iwa Ikhwan Hidayat, Tian Kurniawan, Muhammad Naufal Abdurahman

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web
statistics

View My Stats