Perbandingan Hematoma Pasca Kateterisasi Jantung Berdasarkan Penekanan Bantal Pasir dan Cold Pack

Eka Afrima Sari, M Z Arifin, Sari Fatimah

Abstract


ABSTRAK

 

Kateterisasi jantung merupakan prosedur untuk mendiagnosis dan/atau mengevaluasi arteri koroner. Pada akhir prosedur, dilakukan pelepasan femoral sheath dan penekanan manual maupun mekanik pada arteri femoralis untuk mengontrol perdarahan hingga tercapai hemostasis. Teknik penekanan yang tidak adekuat pada sisi akses arteri setelah kateterisasi jantung merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya hematoma. Ditemukan kejadian hematoma pada pasien pasca kateterisasi jantung yang timbul beberapa waktu setelah penekanan mekanik bantal pasir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ukuran hematoma dalam waktu 24 jam pasca kateterisasi jantung berdasarkan penekanan mekanik bantal pasir dan cold pack.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparatif dengan pendekatan after-only non-equivalent control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 orang pasien pasca kateterisasi jantung yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dengan penekanan mekanik cold pack selama 20 menit setelah pelepasan femoral sheath dan kelompok kontrol dengan penekanan mekanik bantal pasir 2,5 Kg selama 6 jam setelah pelepasan femoral sheath. Kejadian hematoma dilihat setelah penekanan manual, penekanan mekanik, dan setiap jam selama 24 jam. Perbedaan kejadian hematoma dilihat dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna ukuran hematoma setelah penekanan manual, penekanan mekanik dan setiap jam dalam waktu 24 jam pada pasien pasca kateterisasi jantung yang menggunakan bantal pasir maupun cold pack (ρ > 0,05). Pada kelompok eksperimen ukuran hematoma mengecil di akhir jam ke-24 dan pada kelompok kontrol ukuran hematoma membesar di akhir jam ke-24. Penggunaan penekanan mekanik cold pack dapat mengurangi risiko hematoma sebagaimana bantal pasir, sehingga cold pack dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan alat tekan mekanik pada pasien pasca kateterisasi jantung.

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Cardiac catheterization is a procedure to diagnose and/or  evaluate coronary arteries. At the end of procedure, performed manual and mechanical compression on the femoral artery to control bleeding until homeostasis is achieved. Inadequate compression techniques on the arterial access after cardiac catheterization is one of the causes of hematoma. Found in hematoma incidence in patients after cardiac cathetherization that arise  after mechanical compression using sandbags. The purpose of this study was to compare the size of the hematoma within 24 hours after cardiac catheterization using sandbags and cold pack mechanical compression. The study design was a comparative study with after-only non-equivalent control group design. Research subjects included of 20 after cardiac catheterization patients were divided into an experimental group with cold pack mechanical compression for 20 minutes after femoral sheath release and control group with sandbags mechanical compression for 6 hours after femoral sheath release. Incidence of hematoma was observed after manual compression, mechanical compression, and every hour for 24 hours. Mann-Whitney test was used to see the difference the incidence of hematoma of both of groups. The results showed no significant difference in the size of the hematoma after manual compression, mechanical compression, and every hour within 24 hours after cardiac catheterization in both of groups (ρ> 0.05). But the size of the hematoma in the end of observation time was smaller in experiment group, and bigger in the control group. The use ofcold pack mechanical compressions could reduce the risk of hematoma as well as sandbags. Thus, cold pack could be used as an alternative mechanical compression tool in patients with post cardiac catheterization.

 


Keywords


Bantal pasir; cold pack; hematoma; kateterisasi jantung; Cardiac catheterization; cold pack; hematoma; sandbags

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v3i2.9414

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