Advances in THz Spectroscopy: A Systematic Review of Material Characterization Applications

Erick Reyes Vera, Jorge Montoya-Cardona, Vanessa García Pineda, Alejandro Valencia-Arias, Nelson Gomez-Cardona, Francisco Lopez-Giraldo, Esteban Gonzalez-Valencia

Abstract


Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) has emerged as a powerful non-contact, non-destructive tool for probing the dielectric and structural properties of various materials. This systematic review aims to synthesize the latest developments and applications of THz-TDS in material characterization. Following the PRISMA methodology, peer-reviewed articles were selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases based on strict inclusion criteria. The review identifies three dominant research trends: (i) advances in physical modeling (Debye-Lorentz and Drude-Smith models) for extracting optical parameters, (ii) integration of machine learning techniques for classification and predictive analysis, and (iii) enhancement of system bandwidth and sensitivity through photonic and detector innovations. Findings suggest that while THz-TDS offers high potential across fields such as semiconductors, thin films, and biomaterials, standardization in instrumentation and data analysis remains limited. This paper contributes a research roadmap for more robust THz-TDS applications in quality control, diagnostics, and smart material development.


Keywords


Broadband THz; Convolutional neural networks; Debye–lorentz modelling; Drude–smith model; Machine learning; Material characterization; Non-destructive testing; PRISMA 2020; Systematic review; Spectroscopy (THz-TDS); Terahertz spectroscopy

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v6i2.90075

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