GRIEF OF CHILDREN AT PRESCHOOL AGE

Heni Nur Anina

Abstract


ABSTRAK

 

Berkabung adalah respon seseorang terhadap kehilangan. Pada anak-anak, efek dari kehilangan sama dengan pada dewasa, tapi anak-anak mengekspresiakan rasa duka mereka dengan yang cara berbeda dan hal ini sulit difahami oleh orang dewasa. Pemahaman anak-anak pada kematian tergantung pada usia dan tahap perkembangan mereka. Artikel ini membahas tentang berkabung (grief) pada anak usia prasekolah (2-5 tahun) mencakup perbedaan antara ‘normal grief’ dan ‘complicated grief’, gejala dari ‘complicated grief’, dan penatalaksanaan berkabung pada anak usia di kelompok usia ini. Pembahasan mengenai hal ini penting untuk meminimalisir efek dari berkabung. Efek berkabung pada anak di usia ini dapat berlanjut pada tahap perkembangan selanjutnya. Anak-anak yang berkabung dapat mengalami gejala emosi dan perilaku tertentu. Gejala-gejala tersebut dapat bertahan sampai remaja dan dewasa. Metode pencarian literatur secara komprehensif telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan piranti pencarian berbasis elektronik, yaitu: MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (Ovid), Proquest (Nursing and Allied Health Source), Pubmed, find@flinders, and Google Scholar. Perbedaan antara ‘normal grief’ and ‘complicated grief’ berkaitan dengan intensitas dan durasi berkabung. Penatalaksanaan berkabung pada anak usia prasekolah dapat menggunakan tehnik storytelling, creative arts, musik, dance/movement therapy, bermain, berinteraksi dengan anak menggunakan mainan dan games, melukis, melihat foto-foto, and memorabilia. Konsep ‘kekekalan’ dari kematian sangat sulit difahami oleh anak usia prasekolah. Mereka mungkin berpikir bahwa mendiang akan kembali. Selain itu, walaupun sesama anak usia prasekolah, namun setiap anak adalah unik. Maka, keefektifan dari penatalaksaan tergantung pada pilihan intervensi yang sesuai dengan anak tersebut. Memberikan kenyamanan secara fisik, memberikan dukungan emosional, komunikasi dan meyakinkan bahwa mereka disayangi dan tidak sendiri adalah poin-poin penting dalam penatalaksanaan berkabung pada anak usia prasekolah.

 

Kata kunci : Anak-anak, Berkabung, Usia prasekolah

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Grief is someone’s response to loss. In children, the effect of loss is identical with adults, but they express the grief differently and this is hard to be understood by adults. Children’s understanding of death depends on their age and stage of development. This paper will discuss about grief of children at preschool age (2-5 years old) including the differences between ‘normal grief’ and ‘complicated grief’, the symptoms ‘complicated grief’, and the management. It is important to discuss grief of children at this age because the effect may progress to the next stage of development. Grieving children could suffer from certain emotional and behavioral symptoms that could persist into adolescent and adulthood.  Method: a comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic searching tools and databases: MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute (Ovid), Proquest (Nursing and Allied Health Source), Pubmed, find@flinders, and Google Scholar. Discussion: The distinction between normal and complicated grief was related to the intensity and duration of the grief, and to the reactions having a negative functional impact on the child. Managing grief of preschool age children could be by storytelling, arts, music, dance/movement therapy, play, interact with the child by using toys and games, painting, old photos, and memorabilia. Conclusion: The permanency of death is a very difficult concept to grasp for children at preschool age. They may still think that the deceased will return. The effectiveness of the treatment is depending on the choice of interventions which appropriate for the child as each child is unique. Providing physical comfort, emotional support, communication and reassurance that they are cherished and not alone are the critical points in assessing grieving children at preschool age.

 

Keywords: Children, Grief, Preschool age


Keywords


Children, Grief, Preschool age

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v2i2.4748

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