The Relationship between Frailty Syndrome and Depression among the Elderly in West Java

Citra Windani Mambang Sari, Desy Indra Yani, Rizka Andara Fauzi, Shigeaki Watanuki, Mazlinda Musa

Abstract


Introduction: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by reduced physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors. Depression is also common in later life and may coexist with physical vulnerability, particularly when older adults experience restricted activity and social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between frailty and depression among community-dwelling older adults who visited a primary health centre in West Java, Indonesia Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited using convenience sampling from an accessible population of 208 older adults. Data were collected using a demographic and health-characteristics questionnaire, the Indonesian version of the FRAIL Scale, and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's rho correlation were used for data analysis. Results: Most participants were aged 60-74 years (88.3%). Pre-frailty was the most frequent frailty category (53.3%), followed by non-frail (25.0%) and frail (21.7%). Most participants had no depressive symptoms (70.0%), whereas 16.7% had mild depressive symptoms, 11.7% had moderate symptoms, and 1.7% had severe symptoms. Frailty score was moderately and positively correlated with depression score (Spearman's rho = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.39-0.73; p < .001). Conclusion: Frailty and depression were significantly associated among older adults in this primary healthcare sample. Because the cross-sectional design does not establish directionality, routine screening for both conditions and longitudinal research are recommended to clarify causal pathways and guide preventive gerontic nursing interventions.


Keywords


depression, elderly, frailty syndrome

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v12i1.90961

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