PENGARUH METODE PENGELASAN SMAW, ASETILIN, TIG DAN MIG TERHADAP KETAHANAN KOROSI BAJA STAINLESS STEEL
Abstract
Corrosion is one of the major factors affecting the service life of stainless steel components, particularly welded joints that experience microstructural changes due to welding heat input. Different welding methods produce different joint characteristics, which may influence the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Although numerous studies have investigated the effect of welding methods on material properties, comprehensive comparative studies involving four welding methods under identical corrosion testing conditions remain limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Oxy-Acetylene Welding (OAW), Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), and Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding methods on the corrosion resistance of Stainless Steel 304. An experimental method was employed using four Stainless Steel 304 specimens, with one specimen representing each welding method. All specimens were immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution for 672 hours. Corrosion performance was evaluated using the weight loss method, and corrosion rates were determined based on mass loss measurements. The obtained data were analyzed using a descriptive comparative approach. The results indicate that the TIG welding method exhibited the highest corrosion resistance with a mass loss of 0.046%, followed by MIG (1.352%), SMAW (1.514%), and OAW (3.818%). The superior corrosion resistance of TIG is attributed to the use of inert shielding gas, which minimizes oxidation and preserves the chromium passive layer on the stainless steel surface. Conversely, the OAW method produced the highest corrosion rate due to greater heat input and the absence of shielding gas, leading to increased oxidation and microstructural changes within the heat affected zone (HAZ). This study provides comparative information regarding the corrosion resistance of four welding methods applied to Stainless Steel 304 and offers practical guidance for selecting appropriate welding techniques in applications requiring high corrosion resistance.
Korosi merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama yang memengaruhi umur pakai komponen berbahan stainless steel, khususnya pada sambungan las yang mengalami perubahan struktur mikro akibat masukan panas selama proses pengelasan. Perbedaan karakteristik setiap metode pengelasan dapat menghasilkan kualitas sambungan dan ketahanan korosi yang berbeda. Meskipun berbagai penelitian telah membahas pengaruh metode pengelasan terhadap sifat material, kajian komparatif yang membandingkan empat metode pengelasan pada kondisi pengujian korosi yang sama masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh metode Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Oxy-Acetylene Welding (OAW), Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), dan Metal Inert Gas (MIG) terhadap ketahanan korosi baja stainless steel 304. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan empat spesimen baja stainless steel 304, di mana setiap metode pengelasan diwakili oleh satu spesimen. Seluruh spesimen direndam dalam larutan NaCl 3,5% selama 672 jam, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kehilangan massa (weight loss) sebagai dasar perhitungan laju korosi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif komparatif untuk membandingkan tingkat kehilangan massa dan laju korosi dari masing-masing metode pengelasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode TIG menghasilkan ketahanan korosi terbaik dengan kehilangan massa sebesar 0,046%, diikuti oleh MIG sebesar 1,352%, SMAW sebesar 1,514%, sedangkan metode OAW menghasilkan kehilangan massa tertinggi yaitu 3,818%. Rendahnya laju korosi pada metode TIG dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan gas pelindung inert yang mampu meminimalkan oksidasi serta mempertahankan kestabilan lapisan pasif kromium pada permukaan stainless steel selama proses pengelasan. Sebaliknya, tingginya masukan panas dan tidak adanya gas pelindung pada metode OAW meningkatkan potensi oksidasi serta perubahan struktur mikro di daerah heat affected zone (HAZ) sehingga menurunkan ketahanan korosi. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi komparatif mengenai performa ketahanan korosi empat metode pengelasan pada baja stainless steel 304 dan dapat dijadikan sebagai referensi dalam pemilihan metode pengelasan untuk aplikasi yang memerlukan ketahanan korosi tinggi.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/e.v25i2.98044
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