Evaluating the Impact of the G20 Presidency on CO Emission Concentration in Bali: A Spatiotemporal Analysis Using Google Earth Engine

Ida Bagus Oka Agastya, Maghfira Abida, Putu Diyan Diwyastra, Dewa Ariana

Abstract


This study aims to measure the effectiveness of the CO emission reduction policy implemented, by analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of CO emissions before, during, and after the implementation of the G20 Summit centered in the cities of Denpasar and Nusa Dua, Bali. This study uses a mixed method approach with primary data collection using remote sensing technology, namely the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite (NRTI CO product), and secondary data collection from journals and online media. Based on the analysis of CO density in Bali during the period from July 2022 to March 2023, it was found that during the implementation of the G20 Summit in November 2022, there was a decrease in CO emissions. Further analysis showed that this decrease was largely controlled by weather factors, especially high rainfall in November - December, which accelerated the wet deposition process to clean pollutants from the atmosphere. While policies such as traffic engineering management, the use of electric vehicles, and vehicle restrictions during the G20 Summit contributed to the reduction in emissions, the impact was temporary because their implementation was limited only during the event. After the policy was stopped, emissions increased again approaching normal patterns. So this emphasizes the importance of integrated and long-term transportation and environmental policies to maintain air quality in Bali. Ultimately, the use of Google Earth Engine proved effective in mapping changes in CO density spatially and temporally, providing in-depth insight into the distribution of pollutant emissions in relation to human activities and weather conditions.


Keywords


G20; carbon monoxide emissions; air quality; environmental policy; Google Earth Engine

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/gea.v25i2.82010

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