Email this article 
The Comparison of Electrodialysis and Nanofiltration in Nitrate Removal from Groundwater
Abstract
Nitrate groundwater contamination is of major interest all over the world. This problem arises in agricultural regions across Morocco. An excess amount of nitrate causes a serious problem in urban water networks and human health. Because of these health risks, considerable attention has been paid to find effective treatment processes to reduce nitrate concentrations to safe levels. The World Health Organization has set an acceptable level for nitrate in drinking water at 50 mg/L. The aim of this study is to reduce the nitrate concentration from groundwater using two membrane processes: Electrodialysis (ED) and Nanofiltration (NF). Efficiencies of these two technologies are compared in respect to nitrate ions removal, cost process and final quality of water. The results of technologies show that, for electrodialysis standards level can be achieved for a demineralization rate of 15% and the physico-chemical quality of the produced water is satisfactory. For nanofiltration we obtain a nitrate removal of 90% but the produced water is very de-mineralized and must be remineralized.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Andrade, L. H., Mendes, F. D. S., Espindola, J. C., and Amaral, M. C. S. (2014). Nanofiltration as tertiary treatment for the reuse of dairy wastewater treated by membrane bioreactor. Separation and Purification Technology, 126(2014), 21-29.
Banasiak, L. J., and Schäfer, A. I. (2009). Removal of boron, fluoride and nitrate by electrodialysis in the presence of organic matter. Journal of Membrane Science, 334(1-2), 101-109.
Bergman, R. A. (1995). Membrane softening versus lime softening in Florida: A cost comparison update. Desalination, 102(1-3), 11-24.
Bhatnagar, A., and Sillanpää, M. (2011). A review of emerging adsorbents for nitrate removal from water. Chemical Engineering Journal, 168(2), 493-504.
Boumediene, M., and Achour, D. (2004). Denitrification of the underground waters by specific resin exchange of ion. Desalination, 168(2004), 187-194.
Cheikh, A., Grib, H., Drouiche, N., Abdi, N., Lounici, H., and Mameri, N. (2013). Water denitrification by a hybrid process combining a new bioreactor and conventional electrodialysis. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 63(2013), 1-6.
Elazhar, F., Tahaikt, M., Achatei, A., Elmidaoui, F., Taky, M., El Hannouni, F., and Elmidaoui, A. (2009). Economical evaluation of the fluoride removal by nanofiltration. Desalination, 249(1), 154-157.
El-Ghzizel, S., Zeggar, H., Tahaikt, M., Tiyal, F., Elmidaoui, A., and Taky, M. (2020). Nanofiltration process combined with electrochemical disinfection for drinking water production: Feasibility study and optimization. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 36(2020), 101-225.
Elmidaoui, A., Elhannouni, F., Menkouchi Sahli, M. A., Chay, L., Elabbassi, H., Hafsi, M., and Largeteau, D. (2001). Pollution of nitrate in Moroccan ground water: Removal by electrodialysis. Desalination, 136(1), 325-332.
Elmidaoui, A., Sahli, M. M., Tahaikt, M., Chay, L., Taky, M., Elmghari, M., and Hafsi, M. (2003). Selective nitrate removal by coupling electrodialysis and a bioreactor. Desalination, 153(1-3), 389-397.
Harrak, N. E. L., Elazhar, F., Belhamidi, S., Elazhar, M., Touir, J., and Elmidaoui, A. (2015). Comparaison des performances des deux procédés membranaires: La Nanofiltration et de l’Osmose inverse dans le Dessalement des eaux saumâtres. Materials and Environmental Science Journal, 6 (2), 383-390.
Kapoor, A., and Viraraghavan, T. (1997). Nitrate removal from drinking water. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 123(4), 371-380.
Kikhavani, T., Ashrafizadeh, S. N., and Van der Bruggen, B. (2014). Nitrate selectivity and transport properties of a novel anion exchange membrane in electrodialysis. Electrochimica Acta, 144(2014), 341-351.
Lahnid, S., Tahaikt, M., Elaroui, K., Idrissi, I., Hafsi, M., Laaziz, I., and Elmidaoui, A. (2008). Economic evaluation of fluoride removal by electrodialysis. Desalination, 230(1-3), 213-219.
López, J., Reig, M., Gibert, O., and Cortina, J. L. (2019). Recovery of sulphuric acid and added value metals (Zn, Cu and rare earths) from acidic mine waters using nanofiltration membranes. Separation and Purification Technology, 212 (2019), 180-190.
Lüdtke, K., Peinemann, K. V., Kasche, V., and Behling, R. D. (1998). Nitrate removal of drinking water by means of catalytically active membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 151(1), 3-11.
Nicolas, S., Guihard, L., Marchand, A., Bariou, B., Amrane, A., Mazighi, A., and El Midaoui, A. (2010). Defluoridation of brackish northern Sahara groundwater—Activity product calculations in order to optimize pretreatment before reverse osmosis. Desalination, 256(1-3), 9-15.
Ousmana, H., El Hmaidi, A., Berrada, M., Damnati, B., Etabaai, I., Essahlaoui, A. (2018). Development of a neural network approach for predicting nitrate and sulfate concentration in three lakes: Ifrah, Iffer and Afourgagh, Middle Atlas Morocco, Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 245-255
Paugam, L., Taha, S., Cabon, J., Gondrexon, N., and Dorange, G. (2001). Nanofiltration de solutions de nitrate d'ammonium. Étude des paramètres influents. Revue des Sciences de L'eau/Journal of Water Science, 14(4), 511-523.
Sahli, M. M., Tahaikt, M., Achary, I., Taky, M., Elhanouni, F., Hafsi, Elmghari, M. and Elmidaouia, A. (2004). Technical optimisation of nitrate removal from ground water by electrodialysis using a pilot plant. Desalination, 167(2004), 359.
Samatya, S., Kabay, N., Yüksel, Ü., Arda, M., and Yüksel, M. (2006). Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by nitrate selective ion exchange resins. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 66(11), 1206-1214.
Santafé-Moros, A., Gozálvez-Zafrilla, J. M., and Lora-García, J. (2005). Performance of commercial nanofiltration membranes in the removal of nitrate ions. Desalination, 185(1-3), 281-287.
Schoeman, J. J., and Steyn, A. (2003). Nitrate removal with reverse osmosis in a rural area in South Africa. Desalination, 155(1), 15–26.
Tahaikt, M., El Habbani, R., Amor, Z., Elhannouni, F., Taky, M., Kharif, M., Boughrib, A., Hafsib, M., and Elmidaoui, A. (2008). Comparison of the performances of three commercial membranes in fluoride removal by nanofiltration. Continuous Operations. Desalination, 225(1–3), 209–219.
Torma, C. Z., and Cséfalvay, E. (2018). Nanofiltration and electrodialysis: alternatives in heavy metal containing high salinity process water treatment. Chemical Papers, 72(5), 1115-1124.
Touir, J., El-Ghzizel, S., Zeggar, H., Belhamidi, S., Elazhar, F., Tahaikt, M., Taky, M., Elmidaoui, A. (2021). Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane for nitrate removal: performance study and economic evaluation, Moroccan Journal of Chemistry, 9(1), 57-68
Van Geluwe, S., Braeken, L., Robberecht, T., Jans, M., Creemers, C., and Van der Bruggen, B. (2011). Evaluation of electrodialysis for scaling prevention of nanofiltration membranes at high water recoveries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 56(1), 34-42.
Wąsik, E., Bohdziewicz, J., and Błaszczyk, M. (2001). Removal of nitrates from ground water by a hybrid process of biological denitrification and microfiltration membrane. Process Biochemistry, 37(1), 57-64.
Wiesner, M. R., Hackney, J., Sethi, S., Jacangelo, J. G., and Laîé, J. M. (1994). Cost estimates for membrane filtration and conventional treatment. Journal‐American Water Works Association, 86(12), 33-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v6i1.31477
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology is published by UPI.
View My Stats