THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MICRO-SCALE URBAN GREEN SPACES (MICRO-UGS) IN MITIGATING URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECTS AND ENHANCING RESIDENTS’ THERMAL COMFORT IN SEMI-PUBLIC AREAS OF VERTICAL HOUSING IN JAKARTA

Anindita Ghaisani, Maria Immaculata Ririk Winandari

Abstract


The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in Jakarta significantly elevates temperatures within the built environment, particularly in vertical housing sectors, leading to a decline in residents' thermal comfort. While micro-urban green spaces (UGS) in middle-class apartments serve as potential heat-adaptive elements, empirical studies on their effectiveness in semi-public areas remain limited. This study aims to analyze the correlation between vegetation canopy coverage and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) in the semi-public spaces of Transpark Apartment, Cibubur. Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory approach, the research analyzed canopy coverage across 12 measurement plots using 180° hemispherical photography and ImageJ software. Microclimate parameters were recorded during peak heat hours to calculate PET, while resident perceptions were gathered from 58 respondents to triangulate objective findings. Results demonstrate a strong inverse correlation (R2>0.85) between canopy density and PET. Specifically, areas with high canopy coverage (75.08%) achieved a PET of 31.2°C—falling within the tropical comfort zone—while areas with lower coverage (57.15%) remained uncomfortably hot at 36.4°C. The findings indicate that increasing canopy coverage from 57% to 75% can reduce PET by 5.2°C, making UGS Mikro 4.8 times more effective for physiological cooling than city-scale greening. The study recommends a minimum canopy target of 70–75% for vertical housing developments to create effective thermal refuges, supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 11, and 13.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v9i1.92432

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