THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MICRO-SCALE URBAN GREEN SPACES (MICRO-UGS) IN MITIGATING URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECTS AND ENHANCING RESIDENTS’ THERMAL COMFORT IN SEMI-PUBLIC AREAS OF VERTICAL HOUSING IN JAKARTA

Anindita Ghaisani, Maria Immaculata Ririk Winandari

Abstract


The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon in Jakarta significantly elevates temperatures within the built environment, particularly in vertical housing sectors, leading to a decline in residents' thermal comfort. While micro-urban green spaces (UGS) in middle-class apartments serve as potential heat-adaptive elements, empirical studies on their effectiveness in semi-public areas remain limited. This study aims to analyze the correlation between vegetation canopy coverage and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) in the semi-public spaces of Transpark Apartment, Cibubur. Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory approach, the research analyzed canopy coverage across 12 measurement plots using 180° hemispherical photography and ImageJ software. Microclimate parameters were recorded during peak heat hours to calculate PET, while resident perceptions were gathered from 58 respondents to triangulate objective findings. Results demonstrate a strong inverse correlation (R2>0.85) between canopy density and PET. Specifically, areas with high canopy coverage (75.08%) achieved a PET of 31.2°C—falling within the tropical comfort zone—while areas with lower coverage (57.15%) remained uncomfortably hot at 36.4°C. The findings indicate that increasing canopy coverage from 57% to 75% can reduce PET by 5.2°C, making UGS Mikro 4.8 times more effective for physiological cooling than city-scale greening. The study recommends a minimum canopy target of 70–75% for vertical housing developments to create effective thermal refuges, supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3, 11, and 13.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Beatley, T. (2016). Handbook of biophilic city planning and design. Island Press.

Amzad Rachi, A., Ahasan Srijon, N., Nahin Priota, R., & Fahim Faisal, S. M. (2025). Impact of Street Greenery on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Context of Urban Microclimate of Dhaka City. https://doi.org/10.51584/IJRIAS

Ciftcioglu, G. C. (2017). Assessment of the resilience of socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes: A case study from Lefke Region of North Cyprus. Ecological Indicators, 73, 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.09.036

Emmanuel, R., & Krüger, E. (2012). Urban heat island and its impact on climate change resilience in a shrinking city: The case of Glasgow, UK. Building and Environment, 53, 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.01.020

Estrada-Carmona, N., Hart, A. K., DeClerck, F. A. J., Harvey, C. A., & Milder, J. C. (2014). Integrated landscape management for agriculture, rural livelihoods, and ecosystem conservation: An assessment of experience from Latin America and the Caribbean.

Landscape and Urban Planning, 129, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.05.001

Kassagi, M. F. A., Ario, R., & Soenardjo, N. (2024). Kajian Persentase Tutupan Kanopi Mangrove Menggunakan Metode Hemispherical Photography di Desa Sambiroto dan Desa Keboromo, Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah. Journal of Marine Research, 13(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v13i1.35424

Putri, A., & Subekti Ir, B. (n.d.). Pendekatan Arsitektur Biofilik pada Rancangan Parahyangan Avenue Mall.

Rizki, A. R., Tumuyu, S. S., & Rushayati, S. B. (2024a). The Impact of Urban Green Space on The Urban Heat Island Phenomenon – A Study Case in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Geoplanning, 11(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.11.1.31-42

Rizki, A. R., Tumuyu, S. S., & Rushayati, S. B. (2024b). The Impact of Urban Green Space on The Urban Heat Island Phenomenon – A Study Case in East Jakarta, Indonesia. Geoplanning, 11(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.14710/geoplanning.11.1.31-42

Santamouris, M. (2020). Recent progress on urban overheating and heat island research. Integrated assessment of the energy, environmental, vulnerability and health impact. Synergies with the global climate change. In Energy and Buildings(Vol. 207). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109482

Saputri, H. N., Dwi Dasanto, B., & Hidayati, R. (2023). Tingkat Kenyamanan Termal Lingkungan Kampus IPB Dramaga Menggunakan Pendekatan Physiological Equivalent Temperature

(PET). 21, 299–307. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.21.2.299-307

Setiowati, R., Hasibuan, H. S., & Bidang, K. K. (n.d.). STUDI KOMPARASI PERENCANAAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU PERKOTAAN ANTARA JAKARTA DAN SINGAPURA Raldi Hendro TS Koestoer. https://doi.org/10.29244/jli.12.2.2020.54-62

Taleb, H. M., & Kayed, M. (2021). Applying porous trees as a windbreak to lower desert dust concentration: Case study of an urban community in Dubai. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126915

Zijlema, W. L., Triguero-Mas, M., Cirach, M., Gidlow, C., Kruize, H., Grazuleviciene, R.,

Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., & Litt, J. S. (2020). Understanding correlates of neighborhood aesthetic ratings: A European-based Four City comparison. Urban Forestry and Urban

Greening, 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126523




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v9i1.92432

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Immaculata Ririk Winandari, Anindita Ghaisani

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.