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Email this article Effectiveness of Programmed and Non-Programmed Rehydration Protocols on Athletes: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Optimizing an athlete performance requires an effective hydration management to maintain the fluid-electrolyte balance. This systematic review analysed the comparative effectiveness of programmed (based on individual physiology) and non-programmed (relying on thirst and subjective cues) rehydration protocols on athletic performance, physiological responses, and safety. A systematic literature search using the PICOS framework was conducted through Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases within the last decade. Selection criteria included RCTs design with English full-text availability following PRISMA guidelines. Systematic deduplication yielded 364 articles for title and abstract screening. The review encompassed 86 trained athletes aged 20-30 years. Programmed rehydration showed a consistent superiority in maintaining fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. PVO protocol limited body fluid loss to 1%-1.3% compared to ad libitum approaches reaching 2.9% loss. The PHP method enhanced power output (+2.13 inches jump performance) and superior neurocognitive function compared to the normal hydration. The PFI strategy yielded a superior power output (278±41W) and fatigue prevention. Optimal strategy selection depends on competition level, environmental conditions, exercise duration, and resource availability. While programmed approaches benefit elite athletes in high-risk scenarios, non-programmed strategies remain practical for recreational athletes or routine training with adequate fluid access. Individualized hydration management is essential as there is no universal solution to optimize performance across all contexts and individuals.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v10i2.88651
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