The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Screen Time with Sleep Quality Among Primary School Students in Urban Areas

Abstract

The rapid advancement of technology has driven increased screen time and decreased physical activity among primary school-aged children, with potential implications for their sleep quality. This study aimed to examine the relationship between physical activity and screen time with sleep quality among primary school students in urban areas. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. Participants consisted of 255 fifth-grade students aged 11 years from 12 primary schools in Bojongloa Kaler District, Bandung City, selected through multistage sampling comprising cluster sampling and proportionate stratified random sampling. Physical activity was measured using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), screen time was assessed using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ), and sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and hypothesis testing through partial (t-test) and simultaneous (F-test) approaches. The results revealed no significant relationship between physical activity and sleep quality (r = −0.072; p = 0.251), between screen time and sleep quality (r = −0.088; p = 0.162), or between both variables simultaneously and sleep quality (F = 1.554; p = 0.213). The majority of students demonstrated moderate levels of physical activity, very high screen time averaging seven hours per day, and a nearly even distribution between good and poor sleep quality. These findings suggest that additional factors, including parental supervision, psychological well-being, and environmental conditions, may play a substantial role in determining sleep quality among children in urban settings.