Un sujet marginal: les communautés LGBTQ assimilées à de boucs émissaires dans le film 120 battements par minute

Rosidin Ali SYABANA, Wening UDASMORO

Abstract


RÉSUMÉ. Cet article porte un regard sur le grand nombre de films allosexuels produits par les pays occidentaux qui donnent une visibilité aux communautés homosexuelles, bisexuelle, transgenre, transsexuelle ou queer (LGBTQ). Cependant, elles restent marginalisées. Considérées comme des parasites qui renversent des valeurs ancestrales conventionnelles, les communautés LGBTQ servent  de boucs émissaires pour endosser la responsabilité de la propagation du VIH/SIDA et de cette crise de l'épidémie. Le film 120 Battements par Minute réalisé par Robin Campillo est un film qui traite du rôle et du bouc émissaire incarné par les groupes LGBTQ. Cet article utilise la théorie du bouc émissaire par Girard (1982)  en révélant que dans une société, il existe toujours un groupe sacrifié stigmatisé en temps de crise. Cet article utilise l'analyse du discours multimodal de Gunther Kress et Theo Van Leewuen (2004) pour analyser des extraits du film. La conclusion montre que le système de bouc émissaire utilise des stéréotypes et des préjugés en identifiant un groupe qui est proche de la crise pour ensuite le nommer en tant que victime. Puisque les premiers cas détectés de patients infectés par VIH/SIDA sont issus de communautés LGBTQ, elles sont donc considérées comme responsables de la crise.

 

Mots-clés : analyse du discours multimodal, bouc émissaire, film allosexuel, VIH/SIDA.    

 

ABSTRACT. This article explores how LGBTQ people in the West use film as a space for narrating themselves. LGBTQ people remain marginalized, being stigmatized as parasites who disrupt the established socio-cultural order and blamed for HIV/AIDS pandemic. Robin Campillo's film 120 Battements par Minute (120 Beats per Minute) deals specifically with how the LGBTQ community has been scapegoated. Girard argues that, when a crisis occurs, a social group must be sacrificed during a crisis occurs in order to resolve it. For its analysis, this article applies the multimodal discourse approach proposed by Gunther Kress and Theo Van Leewuen to images and still frames from the film, finding that the LGBTQ community has been scapegoated through stereotypes and prejudices. As they have been popularly identified with the HIV/AIDS crisis, members of the LGBTQ community have been blamed—and expected to take responsibility—for it.

 

Keywords: Multimodal Discourse analysis, scapegoat, LGBT film, HIV/AIDS.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/francisola.v4i2.24201

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