Self-Efficacy and Resilience as Mediators of the Relationship Between Social Support and Relapse Tendency Among Individuals with Substance Use Disorder in Indonesia

Tuty Yanuarti, Rusmai Triaswati, Mohd Nazri Bin Mohd Daud, Fatimah Ahmed

Abstract


Background: Substance abuse has been a public health concern, and even after detoxification treatment, the relapse rate is still high. Objectives: To explore relationship between self-efficacy, resilience and social support with relapse tendency in substance use disorder in Indonesia. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted at a rehabilitation hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. In order to be eligible for the study, participants had to be at least 18 years old, have normal and stable cognitive states, and have been diagnosed with a substance use disorder in the last year by experienced psychiatrists. The study variables were measured using a psychological questionnaire of relapse tendency, a self-administered social support survey, a bidimensional resilience scale, and self-efficacy. Also, 5,000 bootstrap samples with 95% CIs were used to assess the significance of the potential moderating effects. Results: Of 200 sample, there were 120 males and 80 females, mean age was 37.56 (SD=5.89). Descriptive analysis showed social support (71.2 ± 23.45), self-efficacy (7.03 ± 3.49), resilience (55.5 ± 17.66), relapse tendency (39.7 ± 15.28). Social support was negatively associated with relapse tendency (r = −0.689, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed significant indirect associations through self-efficacy and resilience. The indirect pathway through self-efficacy accounted for 13.50% of the total effect, the pathway through resilience accounted for 12.69%, and the sequential pathway through self-efficacy and resilience accounted for 11.72%. Bootstrap confidence intervals for all indirect effects did not include zero, indicating statistical significance. Conclusions: Self-efficacy and resilience are the most important factors in the relationship between social support and the likelihood of relapse in patients with substance use disorders. Social support was associated with lower relapse tendency, and this association was partially explained by self-efficacy and resilience. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm the proposed mediation pathways.


Keywords


substance use disorder; social support; relapse tendency; self-efficacy; resilience

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpki.v12i1.96098

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