Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa SD

Abstract

Critical thinking is one of the essential skills of the 21st century that needs to be developed early in primary school students. However, traditional teacher-centred learning models often fail to encourage students to think critically and independently. Guided inquiry learning is one of the recommended models because it can increase students' engagement, curiosity, and analytical thinking skills through a structured yet student-centred exploration process. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of guided inquiry model in developing critical thinking skills of primary school students through literature review method. This study reviewed and synthesised relevant national and international journal articles, books, and proceedings published in the last decade from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, DOAJ, SINTA, Garuda, and institutional repositories. The thematic content analysis technique was used for the selected literature sources. The results showed that the guided inquiry model is effective in improving critical thinking through the stages of problem orientation, data collection, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and conclusion drawing. These stages involve students actively in the learning process, thus encouraging the emergence of higher-level and reflective thinking skills. Therefore, the guided inquiry model is recommended to be implemented in primary school learning to create a deeper and more meaningful learning experience.