Geographic Information System (GIS) Application to Identify the Distribution of Tourist Attractions and Supporting Facilities Related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the distribution patterns of tourism attractions, hotels, and restaurants, and to explore their implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Lembang District. To analyze these distributions, a quantitative approach was applied using nearest neighbor analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. A total of 38 tourism attractions were identified, including 17 natural attractions, 17 artificial attractions, and four cultural attractions; all exhibiting dispersed distribution patterns. There are 32 hotels with random distribution patterns and 178 restaurants that are clustered. Natural attractions are characterized by hilly terrain, forests, valleys, and rivers, which result in physical separation between some sites. In contrast, artificial and cultural attractions tend to be concentrated in more accessible areas, particularly along main routes. Notably, villages such as Cikahuripan, Cikidang, Mekarwangi, Suntenjaya, Wangunharja, and Wangunsari contain tourism attractions but lack adequate supporting facilities, including hotels and restaurants. The spatial allocation of tourism attractions, accommodations, and restaurants significantly influences the achievement of the SDGs. Tourism contributes to 14 of the 17 SDGs, especially SDG 8 (promoting economic opportunities), SDG 1 (reducing poverty), and SDG 5 (advancing gender equality).